Ngesonto lokugcina likaJuni kulo nyaka, abantu ababalelwa ku-15,000 eJapane bathuthwa nge-ambulensi bayiswa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ngenxa yokushisa. Kwashona abantu abayisikhombisa, kwathi iziguli ezingu-516 zagula kakhulu. Izindawo eziningi zaseYurophu nazo zabhekana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu ngoJuni, afinyelela ku-40ºC ezindaweni eziningi. Ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba, amagagasi okushisa abelokhu ehlasela izindawo eziningi zomhlaba kaningi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Abantu abaningi baye bathintwa amagagasi okushisa.
EJapane, abantu ababalelwa ku-5,000 bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yezingozi lapho begeza emakhaya. Iningi lalezi zingozi zenzeka ebusika, kanti imbangela eyinhloko ecatshangelwayo iwukusabela kokushisa.
Ukushisa komzimba kanye nokusabela kokushaqeka kokushisa yizimo ezivamile lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo ezungezile lingabangela umonakalo obulalayo emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukushisa Okushisayo kanye Nempendulo Yokushaqeka Kokushisa
I-Heatstroke yigama elijwayelekile lezimpawu ezenzeka lapho umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo eshisayo nenomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukusebenza endaweni eshisayo nenomswakama. Ngokuvamile, umzimba uyajuluka futhi uvumele ukushisa kuphume ngaphandle ukuze kwehlise izinga lokushisa lawo. Kodwa-ke, uma umzimba ujuluka kakhulu futhi ulahlekelwa amanzi nosawoti ngaphakathi, ukushisa okungena nokuphuma emzimbeni ngeke kulingane, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lizokhuphuka kakhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi nokufa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. I-Heatstroke ingenzeka hhayi ngaphandle kuphela kodwa nangaphakathi, lapho izinga lokushisa legumbi likhuphuka. Cishe abantu abangu-40% abahlushwa i-heatstroke eJapane bayithola ngaphakathi.
Impendulo yokushaqeka kokushisa isho ukuthi umzimba wonakala ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokuzumayo. Izimo ezibangelwa ukushaqeka kokushisa zivame ukwenzeka ebusika. Umfutho wegazi uyenyuka futhi wehle, olimaza imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni nasebuchosheni, okubangela ukuhlaselwa okufana nokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Uma izimo ezinjalo zingelashwa ngokushesha, imiphumela emibi ivame ukuhlala, futhi ukufa akuyona into engavamile.
EJapane, ukufa ezindlini zangasese kuyanda ebusika. Amakamelo okuhlala namanye amakamelo abantu abachitha isikhathi kuwo ayafudunyezwa, kodwa amagumbi okugeza avame ukungafudunyezwa eJapane. Lapho umuntu esuka ekamelweni elifudumele eya endlini yokugezela ebandayo bese ecwila emanzini ashisayo, umfutho wegazi kanye nokushisa komzimba womuntu kuzokhuphuka futhi kwehle kakhulu, okubangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nobuchopho.
Uma bebhekene nokwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa esikhathini esifushane, isibonelo, lapho beya emuva naphambili phakathi kwezindawo ezibandayo zangaphandle nezifudumele ngaphakathi ebusika, abantu bangase bazizwe bebuthakathaka, benomkhuhlane, noma begula. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwama-air conditioner, kuvamile ukwenza izivivinyo zokupholisa ebusika kanye nezivivinyo zokufudumala ehlobo. Umbhali uhlangabezane nokuhlolwa kokushisa futhi wazizwa ebuthakathaka ngemva kokuhamba emuva naphambili phakathi kwegumbi lokuhlola ekushiseni okungu-10ºC kanye negumbi ekushiseni okungu-30ºC esikhathini esifushane. Lokhu kwakuwukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela komuntu.
Ukuzwa Nokujwayela Izinga Lokushisa
Abantu banemizwa emihlanu: ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, kanye nokuthinta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bezwa izinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu, kanye nokulinganisela. Umuzwa wokushisa uyingxenye yomuzwa wokuthinta, futhi ukushisa nokubanda kuzwakala yizitho zokwamukela ezibizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezifudumele kanye nezindawo ezibandayo, ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, abantu bayizilwane ezingamelani nokushisa, futhi kuthiwa abantu kuphela abangagijima ama-marathon ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo lasehlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu banganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo ngokujuluka esikhumbeni somzimba wonke.
Kuthiwa izidalwa eziphilayo ziyazivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esishintsha njalo ukuze zisekele impilo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Igama elithi 'Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo' lisho 'ukujwayela'. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi uma kushisa ngokuzumayo ehlobo, ingozi yokushisa iyanda, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwesibili nolwesithathu, bese kuthi ngemva kwesonto, abantu bajwayele ukushisa. Abantu nabo bajwayele ukubanda. Abantu abahlala endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elivamile langaphandle lingaba ngaphansi kuka -10ºC bazozizwa befudumele ngosuku lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lenyuka lifike ku-0ºC. Abanye babo bangase bagqoke i-T-shirt futhi bajuluke ngosuku lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-0ºC.
Izinga lokushisa elibonwa ngabantu lihlukile kunezinga lokushisa langempela. Endaweni yaseTokyo eJapane, abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi kuyafudumala ngo-Ephreli bese kubanda ngoNovemba. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha yesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, eliphansi, kanye nelijwayelekile ngo-Ephreli nangoNovemba licishe lifane.
Ukulawula Umoya Opholile kanye Nokushisa
Ngenxa yemiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba, amagagasi okushisa ahlasela izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba, futhi izingozi eziningi ezibangelwa ukushisa ziye zenzeka nakulo nyaka. Kodwa-ke, kuthiwa ingozi yokufa okuhlobene nokushisa inciphile ngokusabalala kwe-air conditioner.
Ama-air conditioner athambisa ukushisa futhi avimbele ukushisa. Njengendlela yokuvimbela ukushisa ephumelela kakhulu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-air conditioner endlini.
Ama-air conditioner alawula izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nomswakama ukuze adale isimo esikhululekile, kodwa isimo sokushisa sangaphandle asishintshi. Lapho abantu behamba beya ezindaweni ezinomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, bahlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi bangase bagule ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi kungalimaza impilo yabo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingacatshangelwa ukugwema izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa esikhathini esifushane maqondana nokuziphatha kwabantu.
– Ukuze uvimbele ukusabela kokushaqeka kokushisa ebusika, gcina umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamakamelo ungaphakathi kuka-10ºC.
– Ukuze uvimbele ukushisa okukhulu ehlobo, gcina umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphandle nangaphakathi ngaphakathi kuka-10ºC. Kubonakala kusebenza ukushintsha izinga lokushisa legumbi ngokusebenzisa umoya opholile, ngokuya ngokushisa kwangaphandle okutholiwe kanye nomswakama.
– Uma uhamba uye emuva naphambili endlini nangaphandle, dala isimo sokushisa esiphakathi nendawo noma isikhala bese uhlala lapho isikhashana ukuze ujwayele indawo ezungezile, bese ungena noma uphuma.
Ucwaningo mayelana nokupholisa umoya, izindlu, imishini, ukuziphatha kwabantu, njll. luyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo empilweni obangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kuthenjwa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokupholisa umoya equkethe le miphumela yocwaningo izothuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-19-2022
