Sezvo kupisa kwakanyanya kuri kuparadza United States, Europe neAfrica, zvichiuraya zviuru zvevanhu, masayendisiti anoyambira kuti zvakaipa zvichaitika. Nekunge nyika dzichiri kuramba dzichiisa magasi ekupisa mumhepo uye mukana wekuti mutemo wekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uparare muUS, tembiricha inopisa yezhizha rino inogona kuratidzika kunge iri diki mumakore makumi matatu anotevera.
Vhiki rino, vazhinji vakaona simba guru rinogona kukonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya munyika isina kugadzirira kupisa kwakanyanya. MuUK, uko mhepo inotonhorera isingawanzoitiki, kutakurwa kwevanhu vose kwakavharwa, zvikoro nemahofisi zvakavharwa, uye zvipatara zvakadzima nzira dzisiri dzekukurumidzira.
Mhepo inotonhodza, tekinoroji iyo vazhinji vanoitora seyakajairika munyika dzakapfuma pasi rose, chishandiso chinoponesa hupenyu panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, vanhu vanosvika 8% chete pavanhu mabhiriyoni 2.8 vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru - uye kazhinji dzine urombo - pasi rose parizvino vane AC mudzimba dzavo.
Mune imwe pepa rakabudiswa munguva pfupi yapfuura, chikwata chevaongorori veHarvard China Project, chiri paHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), chakaratidza kudiwa kwemhepo inotonhodza mune ramangwana sezvo mazuva ane kupisa kwakanyanya achiwedzera pasi rose. Chikwata ichi chakawana musiyano mukuru pakati pesimba reAC riripo parizvino nezvichadiwa panosvika gore ra2050 kuponesa hupenyu, kunyanya munyika dzine mari shoma uye dziri kusimukira.
Vaongorori vakafungidzira kuti, paavhareji, vanhu vanosvika 70% munyika dzinoverengeka vachada mhepo inotonhodza panosvika gore ra2050 kana huwandu hwemhepo inoburitsa huchiramba huchikwira, huwandu ihwohwo huchikwira zvakanyanya munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze dzakadai seIndia neIndonesia. Kunyangwe nyika ikazadzisa zvibvumirano zvemhepo inoburitsa huchi zvakatarwa muParis Climate Accords - izvo zvisiri munzira - avhareji ye40% kusvika 50% yevanhu munyika zhinji dzinopisa zvakanyanya pasi rose icharamba ichida AC.
"Pasinei nekuti utsi hunobuda sei, panofanira kuva nekuwedzerwa kukuru kwemhepo inotonhodza kana dzimwe nzira dzekutonhodza nzvimbo dzemabhiriyoni evanhu kuitira kuti vasanyanya kusangana nekupisa kwakanyanya muhupenyu hwavo hwese," akadaro Peter Sherman, mumwe wevadzidzi vepaHarvard China Project uye munyori wekutanga webepa razvino.
Sherman, pamwe chete naHaiyang Lin, uyo aive mudzidzi wepashure pekudzidza, naMichael McElroy, Purofesa weGilbert Butler weSainzi yezvakatipoteredza kuSEAS, vakanyatsoongorora mazuva apo musanganiswa wekupisa nehunyoro, zvinoyerwa nekupisa kwemvura kwakapfava, zvinogona kuuraya kunyange vanhu vadiki, vane hutano mumaawa mashoma. Zviitiko izvi zvakanyanya zvinogona kuitika kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakakwana kana kana hunyoro hwakakwira zvakakwana kudzivirira ziya kuti risatonhodze muviri.
"Kunyange zvazvo takatarisa pamazuva apo tembiricha yemabharubhu emvura yakapfava yakadarika chiyero chayo chinoisa upenyu hwevanhu vazhinji pangozi, tembiricha yemabharubhu emvura iri pasi pechiyero ichocho inogona kunge ichiri isina kugadzikana uye ine njodzi zvekuti inoda AC, kunyanya kune vanhu vasina dziviriro," akadaro Sherman. "Saka, izvi zvingangove zvisiri izvo kuti vanhu vanoda AC yakawanda sei mune ramangwana."
Chikwata chakaongorora ramangwana renyika mbiri — rimwe apo kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa kunowedzera zvakanyanya kubva paavhareji yanhasi uye ramangwana repakati nepakati apo kuburitswa kwemhepo kunoderedzwa asi kusingaderedzwe zvachose.
Munguva yemberi yekubuda kwemhepo ine utsi hwakawanda, chikwata chevaongorori chakafungidzira kuti 99% yevanhu vanogara mumaguta muIndia neIndonesia vachada mhepo inotonhodza. MuGermany, nyika ine mamiriro ekunze ane mamiriro ekunze akajairika, vaongorori vakafungidzira kuti vanhu vanosvika 92% vanoda AC kana paine kupisa kwakanyanya. MuUS, vanhu vanosvika 96% vanoda AC.
Nyika dzine mari yakawanda seUS dzakagadzirira zviri nani kunyange ramangwana rakaipa. Parizvino, vanhu vanosvika 90% muUS vane mukana wekushandisa AC, zvichienzaniswa ne9% muIndonesia uye 5% chete muIndia.
Kunyangwe kana utsi hwemhepo hukaderedzwa, India neIndonesia dzichatofanira kuisa mhepo inotonhodza 92% ne96% yevanhu vanogara mumaguta, zvichiteerana.
MaAC akawanda achada simba rakawanda. Mafungu ekupisa kwakanyanya ari kutowedzera simba remagetsi pasi rose uye kudiwa kukuru kweAC kunogona kusundidzira masisitimu emagetsi kusvika pakukanganisika. Semuenzaniso, muUS, mhepo inotonhodza yatove inodarika 70% yemagetsi anodiwa zvakanyanya mudzimba pamazuva anopisa zvakanyanya mune mamwe matunhu.
"Kana ukawedzera kudiwa kwemagetsi eAC, izvozvo zvinewo kukanganisa kukuru pagrid yemagetsi," akadaro Sherman. "Zvinoisa dambudziko pagrid nekuti munhu wese achashandisa AC panguva imwe chete, zvichikanganisa kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya."
"Pakuronga masisitimu emagetsi emangwana, zviri pachena kuti haugone kungowedzera kudiwa kwemagetsi emazuva ano, kunyanya kunyika dzakadai seIndia neIndonesia," akadaro McElroy. "Matekinoroji akadai sesimba rezuva anogona kubatsira zvikuru pakugadzirisa matambudziko aya, sezvo huwandu hwemagetsi anoenderana hunofanira kunge hwakabatana nenguva dzino dzekupisa dzinodiwa zvakanyanya."
Dzimwe nzira dzekuderedza kudiwa kwemagetsi dzinosanganisira zvinobvisa humidifiers, izvo zvinoshandisa simba shoma pane zvinotonhodza mhepo. Chero mhinduro yacho iri ipi, zviri pachena kuti kupisa kwakanyanya hakusi dambudziko rezvizvarwa zvinotevera chete.
"Iri idambudziko parizvino," akadaro Sherman.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-07-2022
