Njengoko amaza obushushu agqithisileyo etshabalalisa iMelika, iYurophu kunye neAfrika, ebulala amawakawaka, izazinzulu zilumkisa ukuba okubi kuseza. Njengoko amazwe eqhubeka nokupompa iigesi ezithintela ubushushu emoyeni kunye nethuba lokuba umthetho wotshintsho lwemozulu olubalulekileyo udilike eMelika, amaqondo obushushu ashushu ale hlobo anokubonakala ethambile kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo.
Kule veki, abaninzi babone impembelelo ebulalayo enokuba nayo ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwilizwe elingalungiselelanga kakuhle amaqondo obushushu ashushu. E-UK, apho umoya opholileyo ungaqhelekanga, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zavalwa, izikolo kunye neeofisi zavalwa, kwaye izibhedlele zarhoxisa iinkqubo ezingezizo ezingxamisekileyo.
I-air conditioner, iteknoloji abantu abaninzi abayithatha lula kumazwe atyebileyo emhlabeni, sisixhobo esisindisa ubomi xa kushushu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-8% yabantu abayi-2.8 yezigidigidi abahlala kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu - kwaye ezihlala zihlwempuzekile -- iindawo zehlabathi okwangoku ezine-AC emakhayeni abo.
Kwiphepha lakutshanje, iqela labaphandi abavela kwiHarvard China Project, ekwiHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), libonise imfuno yexesha elizayo ye-air conditioner njengoko iintsuku ezinobushushu obugqithisileyo zisanda kwihlabathi liphela. Eli qela lifumene umsantsa omkhulu phakathi komthamo we-AC wangoku kunye noko kuya kufuneka ngo-2050 ukusindisa ubomi, ingakumbi kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nasaphuhlayo.
Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba, ngokomyinge, ubuncinci ama-70% abantu kumazwe aliqela baya kufuna umoya opholileyo ngo-2050 ukuba izinga lokukhutshwa komoya liyaqhubeka nokwanda, kwaye elo nani liphezulu nangakumbi kumazwe akwi-equator afana ne-India ne-Indonesia. Nokuba ihlabathi liyahlangabezana nemida yokukhutshwa komoya echazwe kwiSivumelwano seMozulu saseParis - into engayi kuhamba kakuhle - umyinge wama-40% ukuya kuma-50% abantu kumazwe amaninzi ashushu ehlabathini baya kufuna umoya opholileyo.
“Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zithini na iindlela zokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo, kufuneka kubekho ukwanda okukhulu kwe-air conditioner okanye ezinye iindlela zokupholisa isithuba kwiibhiliyoni zabantu ukuze bangachaphazeleki ngala maqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ubomi babo bonke,” utshilo uPeter Sherman, umfundi okwi-postdoctoral kwiHarvard China Project kunye nombhali wokuqala wephepha lakutshanje.
USherman, kunye noHaiyang Lin, owayengumfundi we-postdoctoral, kunye noMichael McElroy, uNjingalwazi weSayensi yeNdalo kaGilbert Butler kwi-SEAS, bajonge ngokukodwa iintsuku apho ukudibana kobushushu kunye nokufuma, okulinganiswa bubushushu obubizwa ngokuba yi-wet-bulb elula, kunokubulala nabantu abancinci, abasempilweni kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ezi ziganeko zigqithisileyo zinokwenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu ephezulu ngokwaneleyo okanye xa ukufuma kuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukubila ekupholiseni umzimba.
“Nangona besigxile kwiintsuku apho ubushushu obulula bebhalbhu emanzi bugqitha umda apho ubushushu busongela ubomi kubantu abaninzi, ubushushu bebhalbhu emanzi ngaphantsi kwalo mgca busenokuba bungonwabisi kwaye buyingozi ngokwaneleyo ukuba bufune i-AC, ingakumbi kubantu abasengozini,” utshilo uSherman. “Ngoko ke, oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukungaqikeleli ukuba abantu be-AC baya kuyidinga kangakanani kwixesha elizayo.”
Iqela lijonge izinto ezimbini ezizayo — enye apho ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezibangela ubushushu bendalo kuyanda kakhulu ukusuka kumyinge wanamhlanje kunye nekamva eliphakathi apho ukukhutshwa kwegesi kuncitshiswa kodwa kunganqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo.
Kwixesha elizayo lokukhupha umbane ophezulu, iqela lophando liqikelele ukuba ama-99% abantu basezidolophini eIndiya nase-Indonesia baya kufuna umoya opholileyo. EJamani, ilizwe elinemozulu efudumeleyo ngokwembali, abaphandi baqikelele ukuba malunga nama-92% abantu baya kufuna umoya opholileyo xa kukho ubushushu obugqithisileyo. E-US, malunga nama-96% abantu baya kuyidinga umoya opholileyo.
Amazwe anengeniso ephezulu njenge-US akulungele ngakumbi nakweli xesha linzima. Okwangoku, malunga ne-90% yabemi e-US banokufikelela kwi-AC, xa kuthelekiswa ne-9% e-Indonesia kunye ne-5% kuphela e-India.
Nokuba ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kuyancitshiswa, iIndiya neIndonesia kusafuneka zifake umoya opholileyo kwi-92% kunye ne-96% yabemi basezidolophini ngokwahlukeneyo.
I-AC engaphezulu iya kufuna amandla angaphezulu. Amaza obushushu agqithisileyo sele ecinezela iigridi zombane kwihlabathi liphela kwaye imfuno enkulu ye-AC inokubangela ukuba iinkqubo zangoku zingasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, e-US, umoya opholileyo sele ungaphezulu kwama-70% emfuno ephezulu yombane kwiindawo zokuhlala ngeentsuku ezishushu kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
“Ukuba uyandisa imfuno ye-AC, oko kunempembelelo enkulu kwigridi yombane,” utshilo uSherman. “Kubeka uxinzelelo kwigridi kuba wonke umntu uza kusebenzisa i-AC ngaxeshanye, nto leyo echaphazela imfuno yombane ephezulu.”
“Xa ucwangcisa iinkqubo zamandla zexesha elizayo, kuyacaca ukuba awunakwandisa nje imfuno yanamhlanje, ingakumbi kumazwe afana neIndiya neIndonesia,” utshilo uMcElroy. “Iiteknoloji ezifana namandla elanga zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekusingatheni le mingeni, njengoko i-supply curve ehambelanayo ifanele ihambelane kakuhle nala maxesha emfuno ephezulu ehlotyeni.”
Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa imfuno yombane eyonyukileyo ziquka izixhobo zokususa umswakama, ezisebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kakhulu kune-air conditioner. Nokuba sisisombululo sithini na, kuyacaca ukuba ubushushu obugqithisileyo abuyongxaki yezizukulwana ezizayo kuphela.
“Le yingxaki okwangoku,” utshilo uSherman.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-07-2022
