Pamene kutentha kwakukulu kukuwononga dziko la United States, Europe ndi Africa, ndikupha anthu masauzande ambiri, asayansi akuchenjeza kuti zinthu zoipa kwambiri zikubwera. Popeza mayiko akupitilizabe kutulutsa mpweya wowononga chilengedwe mumlengalenga komanso mwayi woti malamulo okhudza kusintha kwa nyengo akugwa ku US, kutentha kwa chilimwe chino kungawoneke ngati kofatsa patatha zaka 30.
Sabata ino, ambiri adawona momwe kutentha kwambiri kungakhudzire dziko lomwe silinakonzekere kutentha kwambiri. Ku UK, komwe mpweya woziziritsa ndi wosowa, mayendedwe apagulu adatsekedwa, masukulu ndi maofesi adatsekedwa, ndipo zipatala zidaletsa njira zina zosafunikira mwadzidzidzi.
Mpweya woziziritsa, ukadaulo womwe ambiri amauona ngati wosavuta m'maiko olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi chida chopulumutsa miyoyo panthawi ya kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, pafupifupi 8% yokha mwa anthu 2.8 biliyoni omwe amakhala m'madera otentha kwambiri - komanso osauka kwambiri - padziko lonse lapansi pakadali pano ali ndi mpweya wozizira m'nyumba zawo.
Mu pepala laposachedwa, gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku Harvard China Project, lomwe lili ku Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), linapereka chitsanzo cha kufunikira kwa mpweya woziziritsa pamene masiku otentha kwambiri akuwonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Gululi linapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mphamvu ya AC yomwe ilipo ndi zomwe zidzafunike pofika chaka cha 2050 kuti apulumutse miyoyo, makamaka m'maiko osauka komanso osauka.
Ofufuzawo anayerekezera kuti, pafupifupi, anthu osachepera 70% m'maiko angapo adzafunika mpweya woziziritsa pofika chaka cha 2050 ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa kupitirira kukwera, ndipo chiwerengerocho chikukwera kwambiri m'maiko a equator monga India ndi Indonesia. Ngakhale dziko lapansi litakwaniritsa malire a mpweya woipa omwe adafotokozedwa mu Paris Climate Agreements - zomwe silikuyenda bwino - avareji ya 40% mpaka 50% ya anthu m'maiko ambiri otentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi adzafunikabe mpweya woipa.
"Mosasamala kanthu za njira zotulutsira mpweya, pakufunika kukulitsa kwambiri njira zoziziritsira mpweya kapena njira zina zoziziritsira mpweya m'malo mwa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri kuti asakumane ndi kutentha kwambiri m'moyo wawo wonse," adatero Peter Sherman, wophunzira wa postdoctoral ku Harvard China Project komanso wolemba woyamba wa pepalali posachedwapa.
Sherman, limodzi ndi Haiyang Lin, yemwe anali katswiri wa maphunziro a postdoctoral, ndi Michael McElroy, Pulofesa wa Sayansi ya Zachilengedwe ku Gilbert Butler ku SEAS, adayang'ana makamaka masiku omwe kuphatikiza kutentha ndi chinyezi, komwe kumayesedwa ndi kutentha kosavuta kwa babu lonyowa, kumatha kupha ngakhale achinyamata, athanzi m'maola ochepa chabe. Zochitika zoopsa izi zitha kuchitika pamene kutentha kuli kokwanira kapena pamene chinyezi chili chokwanira kuti thukuta lisaziziritse thupi.
"Ngakhale kuti tinkayang'ana kwambiri masiku omwe kutentha kwa babu lonyowa kosavuta kunapitirira malire omwe kutentha kumaika moyo pachiswe kwa anthu ambiri, kutentha kwa babu lonyowa pansi pa malire amenewo kungakhalebe kosasangalatsa komanso koopsa kokwanira kuti kufunikire AC, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo," adatero Sherman. "Chifukwa chake, izi mwina sizikuganizira kuchuluka kwa AC komwe anthu adzafunika mtsogolo."
Gululo linayang'ana zamtsogolo ziwiri - chimodzi chomwe mpweya woipa umatuluka ukuwonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera pa avareji ya masiku ano ndi tsogolo lapakati pomwe mpweya woipa umachepa koma sunachedwe konse.
Mu tsogolo la mpweya woipa kwambiri, gulu lofufuza linanena kuti 99% ya anthu okhala m'mizinda ku India ndi Indonesia adzafunika mpweya woziziritsa. Ku Germany, dziko lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ofufuzawo ananeneratu kuti anthu okwana 92% adzafunika AC pazochitika za kutentha kwambiri. Ku US, pafupifupi 96% ya anthu adzafunika AC.
Mayiko olemera kwambiri monga US ali okonzeka bwino ngakhale mtsogolo moopsa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, anthu pafupifupi 90% ku US ali ndi mwayi wopeza AC, poyerekeza ndi 9% ku Indonesia ndi 5% yokha ku India.
Ngakhale kuti mpweya woipa utachepa, India ndi Indonesia zidzafunikabe kukhazikitsa zoziziritsa mpweya kwa 92% ndi 96% ya anthu okhala m'mizinda motsatana.
Ma AC ambiri adzafunika mphamvu zambiri. Mafunde otentha kwambiri akuchepetsa kale ma gridi amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kufunikira kwakukulu kwa AC kungapangitse kuti makina amagetsi ayambe kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, ku US, mpweya woziziritsa kale umakhala ndi mphamvu zoposa 70% ya magetsi ambiri omwe amafunikira kwambiri m'nyumba masiku otentha kwambiri m'maboma ena.
"Ngati muwonjezera kufunikira kwa magetsi a AC, zimenezo zimakhudzanso kwambiri gridi yamagetsi," anatero Sherman. "Zimaika gridi yamagetsi pamavuto chifukwa aliyense adzagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a AC nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakhudza kufunikira kwa magetsi ambiri."
“Pokonzekera makina amagetsi amtsogolo, n’zoonekeratu kuti simungathe kungowonjezera kufunikira kwa magetsi masiku ano, makamaka m’maiko monga India ndi Indonesia,” anatero McElroy. “Maukadaulo monga mphamvu ya dzuwa angakhale othandiza kwambiri pothana ndi mavutowa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi komwe kumafunika kuyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi nthawi yachilimweyi.”
Njira zina zochepetsera kufunikira kwa magetsi ndi monga zochotsera chinyezi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zoziziritsira mpweya. Kaya yankho lake ndi lotani, n'zoonekeratu kuti kutentha kwambiri si vuto la mibadwo yamtsogolo yokha.
"Ili ndi vuto pakali pano," anatero Sherman.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-07-2022
