I te mea e pāngia ana te Hononga o Amerika, o Ūropi me Āwherika e ngā ngaru wera nui, e mate ai ngā mano tini, e whakatūpato ana ngā kaipūtaiao kei te haere mai te mea kino rawa atu. I te mea kei te pupuhi tonu ngā whenua i ngā hau kati kōtuhi ki te āhuarangi, me te tūponotanga ka pakaru ngā ture huringa āhuarangi ā-motu whai tikanga i te US, tera pea ka ngawari te pāmahana wera o tēnei raumati i roto i ngā tau 30.
I tēnei wiki, he tokomaha i kite i te pānga kino o te wera nui ki tētahi whenua kāore i te rite mō ngā pāmahana wera. I te UK, he onge te hauhautanga, kua kati ngā waka a te iwi, kua kati ngā kura me ngā tari, ā, kua whakakorehia ngā mahi hauora e ngā hōhipera.
Ko te hauhautanga, he hangarau e whakaarohia ana e te tini he mea noa iho i roto i ngā whenua whai rawa o te ao, he taputapu whakaora ora i te wā o te wera nui. Heoi, tata ki te 8% noa iho o te 2.8 piriona tāngata e noho ana i ngā wāhanga wera rawa atu – ā, he maha ngā wā rawakore – o te ao kei a rātou te hauhautanga i roto i ō rātou kāinga i tēnei wā.
I roto i tētahi tuhinga hou, i whakatauirahia e tētahi rōpū kairangahau mai i te Kaupapa Harvard China, kei te Kura Hangarau me ngā Pūtaiao Tauira o Harvard John A. Paulson (SEAS), te hiahia ā-muri mō te hauhautanga i ngā rā e piki haere ana te wera nui puta noa i te ao. I kitea e te rōpū he āputa nui i waenga i te kaha o te hauhautanga o nāianei me te mea e hiahiatia ana i te tau 2050 hei whakaora i ngā oranga, inā koa i ngā whenua iti te whiwhi moni me ngā whenua whakawhanake.
I whakatau tata ngā kairangahau, i te toharite, neke atu i te 70% o te taupori i roto i ētahi whenua ka hiahia ki te hauhautanga i te tau 2050 mēnā ka piki tonu te tere o ngā tukunga hau, ā, ka nui ake taua tau i roto i ngā whenua ekueta pērā i a Īnia me Initonīhia. Ahakoa ka tutuki te ao i ngā paepae tukunga hau i whakatakotoria i roto i ngā Whakaaetanga Āhuarangi o Parī — kāore i te tika kia mahia — ko te toharite o te 40% ki te 50% o te taupori i roto i te nuinga o ngā whenua mahana rawa o te ao ka hiahia tonu ki te hauhautanga.
"Ahakoa ngā ara tukunga, me nui te whakanui ake i te hauhautanga, i ētahi atu kōwhiringa whakamatao wāhi rānei mō ngā piriona tāngata kia kore ai rātou e pāngia e ēnei pāmahana tino kino puta noa i te toenga o ō rātou oranga," te kī a Peter Sherman, he hoa mahi paerua i te Kaupapa Harvard China me te kaituhi tuatahi o te pepa tata nei.
I aro nui a Sherman, me tana hoa mahi paerua a Haiyang Lin, me Michael McElroy, te Ahorangi Pūtaiao Taiao a Gilbert Butler i SEAS, ki ngā rā e taea ai e te whakakotahitanga o te wera me te haumākū, e inehia ana e te pāmahana e kiia nei ko te pāmahana pūwero makuku kua whakangawaritia, te patu i ngā taiohi hauora i roto i ngā haora ruarua. Ka puta pea ēnei āhuatanga tino kino ina tino teitei te pāmahana, ina tino teitei rānei te haumākū hei ārai i te werawera kia kaua e whakamatao te tinana.
"Ahakoa i arotahi mātou ki ngā rā i nui ake ai te pāmahana o te pūwero makuku i te paepae e morearea ai te ora o te nuinga o te tangata, ko ngā pāmahana o te pūwero makuku i raro i taua paepae ka tino kore whakamarie, ka tino morearea hoki kia hiahiatia he hauhautanga, inā koa mō ngā taupori ngoikore," te kī a Sherman. "Nō reira, he whakaitiiti noa iho pea tēnei i te nui o te hauhautanga e hiahiatia ana e te hunga ā muri ake nei."
E rua ngā āpōpō i tirohia e te tīma — tētahi e tino piki ake ai te tukunga o ngā hau kati kōtuhi mai i te toharite o ēnei rā, me tētahi āpōpō waenga-o-te-huarahi e whakaitihia ai ngā tukunga engari kāore e tino tapahia.
I ngā rā kei te heke mai, i whakatau te tīma rangahau ka hiahia te 99% o te taupori tāone nui o Īnia me Initonīhia ki te hauhautanga. I Tiamana, he whenua he āhuarangi mahana i mua, i whakatau ngā kairangahau ka hiahia te 92% o te taupori ki te hauhautanga mō ngā huihuinga wera nui. I te US, tata ki te 96% o te taupori ka hiahia ki te hauhautanga.
He pai ake te whakarite o ngā whenua whai rawa nui pērā i te US mō ngā āhuatanga kino rawa atu o te heke mai. I tēnei wā, tata ki te 90% o te taupori o te US e whai wāhi ana ki te AC, ki te whakaritea ki te 9% i Indonesia me te 5% noa iho i Īnia.
Ahakoa ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga, me whakamahi tonu e Īnia me Initonīhia te hauhautanga mō te 92% me te 96% o ngā taupori tāone nui.
Ka nui ake te hiko e hiahiatia ana mēnā he nui ake te hauhautanga. Kei te pēhia kētia ngā whatunga hiko puta noa i te ao e ngā ngaru wera nui, ā, ko te pikinga nui o te hiahia mō te hauhautanga ka pana pea i ngā pūnaha o nāianei ki te taumata pakaru. Hei tauira, i te US, neke atu i te 70% o te hiahia hiko kāinga i ngā rā tino wera i ētahi whenua te hauhautanga.
"Ki te whakanuia te hiahia mō te hauhautanga, ka nui te pānga ki te whatunga hiko," te kī a Sherman. "Ka whakararuraru i te whatunga hiko nā te mea ka whakamahia e te katoa te hauhautanga i te wā kotahi, ka pā ki te hiahia hiko tino nui."
"Ina whakamahere ana mō ngā pūnaha hiko ā muri ake nei, e mārama ana kāore e taea te whakanui noa i te tono o nāianei, inā koa mō ngā whenua pēnei i a Īnia me Initonīhia," te kī a McElroy. "Tērā pea ka tino whai hua ngā hangarau pēnei i te hiko o te rā mō te whakatau i ēnei wero, nā te mea me hono pai te pihi tuku e rite ana ki ēnei wā tono nui o te raumati."
Ko ētahi atu rautaki hei whakaiti i te pikinga o te hiahia hiko ko ngā whakamaroke hau, he iti ake te hiko e whakamahia ana i te hauhautanga. Ahakoa te otinga, e mārama ana ehara te wera nui i te raruraru mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai anake.
"He raruraru tēnei mō nāianei," te kī a Sherman.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-07-2022
