"Sauƙi" maiyuwa ba shine kalmar da ke zuwa a zuciya ba don ƙirƙira irin waɗannan wurare masu mahimmanci. Koyaya, wannan ba yana nufin ba za ku iya samar da ingantaccen ƙirar ɗaki mai tsafta ba ta hanyar magance al'amura cikin ma'ana. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi kowane maɓalli maɓalli, har zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen don daidaita lissafin kaya, tsara hanyoyin fitar da kaya, da karkatar da isassun sararin ɗaki na inji dangane da aji mai tsafta.
Yawancin hanyoyin ƙera kayayyaki suna buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin muhalli wanda ɗaki mai tsabta ya samar. Saboda dakunan tsabta suna da hadaddun tsarin injina da babban gini, aiki, da farashin makamashi, yana da mahimmanci a aiwatar da ƙirar ɗakin tsafta ta hanya mai mahimmanci. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da hanyar mataki-mataki don ƙididdigewa da kuma tsara ɗakunan tsabta, ƙididdiga a cikin mutane / kayan aiki na kayan aiki, rarrabawar tsaftar sararin samaniya, matsa lamba na sararin samaniya, sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya, sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya, ma'auni na sararin samaniya, masu canji da za a yi la'akari, zaɓin tsarin injiniya, ƙididdige nauyin dumama / kwantar da hankali, da kuma goyon bayan bukatun sararin samaniya.
Mataki na Farko: Ƙimar Layout don Mutane/Gudun Kayan Kaya
Yana da mahimmanci a kimanta mutane da kwararar kayan cikin ɗakin ɗakin tsafta. Ma'aikatan dakunan tsafta sune tushen gurɓataccen ɗaki kuma duk mahimman matakai yakamata a ware su daga kofofin shiga ma'aikata da hanyoyin.
Wuraren da ya fi mahimmanci ya kamata su sami damar shiga guda ɗaya don hana sararin zama hanya zuwa wasu wurare marasa mahimmanci. Wasu hanyoyin samar da magunguna da na biopharmaceutical suna da saurin kamuwa da cuta daga wasu hanyoyin magunguna da na biopharmaceutical. Ana buƙatar ƙididdige ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki don hanyoyin shigar da albarkatun ƙasa da ƙullawa, keɓewar tsarin kayan aiki, da ƙarewar hanyoyin fitar da samfur da ƙullawa. Hoto 1 misali ne na kayan aikin simintin kashi wanda ke da mahimman tsari guda biyu ("Solvent Packaging", "Packaging Bone Cement Packaging") tare da damar shiga guda ɗaya da makullin iska a matsayin masu buffer zuwa manyan wuraren zirga-zirgar ma'aikata ("Gown", "Ungown").
Mataki na Biyu: Ƙayyade Rarraba Tsabtan Sarari
Don samun damar zaɓar rarrabuwar ɗaki mai tsafta, yana da mahimmanci a san ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ɗaki mai tsabta na farko da menene ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikin kowane tsafta. Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Fasaha (IEST) Standard 14644-1 tana ba da nau'ikan tsafta daban-daban (1, 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, da 100,000) da adadin ƙyalƙyali na barbashi a girman barbashi daban-daban.
Alal misali, an ba da izinin ɗakin tsabta na Class 100 iyakar 3,500 barbashi / cu ft da 0.1 microns kuma mafi girma, 100 barbashi / cubic ft. a 0.5 microns kuma ya fi girma, da kuma 24 barbashi / cubic ft. a 1.0 microns da girma. Wannan tebur yana ba da ƙyalli mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙyalƙyali a kowane tebur rarrabuwar tsafta:
Rarraba tsaftar sararin samaniya yana da tasiri mai yawa akan ginin ɗaki mai tsafta, kulawa, da tsadar kuzari. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da ƙima/ƙididdigar ƙima a tsafta daban-daban da buƙatun hukumar gudanarwa, kamar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA). Yawanci, mafi mahimmancin tsarin, da ƙarin tsaftataccen tsafta yakamata a yi amfani da shi. Wannan tebur yana ba da rarrabuwar tsafta don hanyoyin masana'antu iri-iri:
Tsarin masana'anta na iya buƙatar ƙarin tsaftataccen ajin dangane da buƙatun sa na musamman. Yi hankali lokacin sanya rabe-raben tsafta ga kowane sarari; bai kamata a sami fiye da umarni biyu na girma ba a cikin rarrabuwar tsafta tsakanin wuraren haɗawa. Misali, ba a yarda da ɗaki mai tsafta na Class 100,000 don buɗewa cikin ɗaki mai tsafta na Class 100 ba, amma yana da karɓuwa ga ɗaki mai tsafta na Class 100,000 ya buɗe cikin ɗakin tsaftar Class 1,000.
Duban kayan aikin mu na siminti (Hoto na 1), “Gown”, Ungown” da “Final Packaging” ba su da mahimmancin wurare kuma suna da Class 100,000 (ISO 8) tsaftataccen tsafta, “Kashi Cement Airlock” da “Sterile Airlock” buɗe zuwa wurare masu mahimmanci kuma suna da Class 10,000 na tsafta (ISO) Fakitin tsabta tsari mai ƙura mai ƙura kuma yana da Class 10,000 (ISO 7) tsafta, kuma 'Marufi Solvent' tsari ne mai matukar mahimmanci kuma ana yin shi a cikin Class 100 (ISO 5) magudanar ruwa a cikin ɗaki mai tsabta na Class 1,000 (ISO 6).
Mataki na Uku: Ƙayyade Matsi a sararin samaniya
Tsayar da ingantacciyar matsi na sararin samaniya, dangane da maƙwabtan wuraren rarraba tsaftar tsafta, yana da mahimmanci wajen hana ƙazanta kutsawa cikin ɗaki mai tsabta. Yana da matukar wahala a ci gaba da kiyaye tsaftar sararin samaniya yayin da yake da tsaka tsaki ko matsawar sarari. Menene bambancin matsa lamba sararin samaniya ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin sarari? Nazari daban-daban sun kimanta kutsawar gurɓataccen abu a cikin ɗaki mai tsabta vs. bambancin matsa lamba na sararin samaniya tsakanin ɗakin tsafta da mahalli mara ƙarfi. Waɗannan karatun sun sami bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na 0.03 zuwa 0.05 a cikin wg don yin tasiri wajen rage kutsewar gurɓataccen abu. Bambance-bambancen matsa lamba a sama da 0.05 in. wg ba sa samar da ingantacciyar kulawar kutsewar gurɓataccen abu sannan 0.05 in. wg
Ka tuna, bambancin matsa lamba na sararin samaniya yana da farashin makamashi mafi girma kuma ya fi wuya a sarrafawa. Hakanan, bambance-bambancen matsa lamba mafi girma yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi a buɗewa da rufe kofofin. Matsakaicin bambancin matsa lamba da aka ba da shawarar a fadin kofa shine 0.1 in. wg a 0.1 in. wg, ƙofar ƙafa 3 da ƙafa 7 yana buƙatar fam 11 na ƙarfi don buɗewa da rufewa. Ana iya buƙatar sake saita ɗakin ɗaki mai tsafta don kiyaye bambance-bambancen matsa lamba a tsakanin ƙofofi cikin iyakoki masu karɓuwa.
Ana gina kayan aikin simintin mu na kashi a cikin wani wurin ajiyar da ake da shi, wanda ke da matsa lamba na tsaka tsaki (0.0 in. wg). Makullin iska tsakanin ma'ajin da "Gown/Ungown" ba shi da rarrabuwar tsaftar sararin samaniya kuma ba zai sami ƙayyadadden matsi na sarari ba. "Gown / Ungown" za su sami matsa lamba na 0.03 a cikin. 'Kashi Cement Air Lock' da "Marufi na Ƙarshe" domin ya ƙunshi ƙurar da aka haifar yayin marufi.
Tace iska a cikin 'Kashi Cement Packaging' yana fitowa ne daga sararin samaniya tare da nau'in tsafta iri ɗaya. Kutsawar iska bai kamata ta tafi daga sararin rarrabuwar tsafta ba zuwa sararin tsaftataccen tsaftar tsafta. Packaging" da "Sterile Air Lock" shine 0.05 a cikin wg 0.11 in. wg matsa lamba na sararin samaniya ba zai buƙaci ƙarfafa tsarin musamman don ganuwar ko rufi ba. Matsalolin sararin samaniya sama da 0.5 a.
Mataki na Hudu: Ƙayyade Gudun Samar da Sararin Samaniya
Rarraba tsaftar sararin samaniya shine babban canji na farko wajen tantance wadatar iska mai tsabta. Duban tebur 3, kowane tsaftataccen tsafta yana da canjin canjin iska. Misali, ajin 100,000 mai tsafta yana da kewayon 15 zuwa 30 ach. Adadin canjin iska mai tsafta yakamata yayi la'akari da ayyukan da ake tsammani a cikin ɗakin tsaftar. Ajin 100,000 (ISO 8) mai tsabta wanda ke da ƙarancin zama, ƙaramin tsari na samar da barbashi, da ingantaccen matsi na sararin samaniya dangane da wuraren tsaftar datti na kusa zai iya amfani da 15 ach, yayin da ɗakin tsafta ɗaya yana da babban wurin zama, yawan zirga-zirgar shiga / fita, babban tsarin samar da barbashi, ko matsananciyar matsa lamba sarari zai iya buƙatar 300.
Mai zane yana buƙatar kimanta takamaiman aikace-aikacensa kuma ya ƙayyade ƙimar canjin iska da za a yi amfani da shi. Sauran masu canji da ke shafar isar da iskar sararin samaniya sune tsarin fitar da iska, iska tana kutsawa ta kofofi/budewa, da iskar da ke fita ta kofofi/budewa. IEST ta buga shawarar canjin iska a Madaidaicin 14644-4.
Duban Hoto na 1, "Gown / Ungown" yana da mafi yawan tafiya / fita tafiya amma ba tsari mai mahimmanci ba ne, wanda ya haifar da 20 a ch., 'Sterile Air Lock' da "Kashi Cement Packaging Air Lock" suna kusa da wurare masu mahimmanci na samarwa kuma a cikin yanayin "Kashi Cement Packaging Air Lock", iska tana gudana a cikin marufi / kulle iska ba tare da iyakacin sararin samaniya ba. ɓangarorin samar da hanyoyin samarwa, mahimmancin mahimmancin su azaman ma'auni tsakanin "Gwn/Ungown" da ayyukan masana'antu yana haifar da samun 40 ach.
"Marufi na Ƙarshe" yana sanya buhunan siminti / mai narkewa a cikin kunshin na biyu wanda ba shi da mahimmanci kuma yana haifar da ƙimar 20 ach. "Packageing Simintin Kashi" tsari ne mai mahimmanci kuma yana da ƙimar 40 ach. 'Marufi na Magani' tsari ne mai matukar mahimmanci wanda aka yi a cikin Class 100 (ISO 5) hoods kwararar laminar a cikin ɗakin tsaftataccen Class 1,000 (ISO 6).
Rarraba ɗaki mai tsabta da Canje-canjen iska a kowace awa
Ana samun tsaftar iska ta hanyar wucewar iska ta matatar HEPA. Mafi sau da yawa iskar ta wuce ta masu tace HEPA, ƙananan barbashi suna barin iska a cikin ɗakin. Adadin iskar da aka tace a cikin sa'a daya raba da girman dakin yana ba da adadin canjin iska a cikin awa daya.
Canje-canjen iska da aka ba da shawarar a cikin sa'a ɗaya kawai ƙa'idar ƙira ce ta babban yatsa. Ya kamata a ƙididdige su ta hanyar ƙwararren mai tsabta na HVAC, kamar yadda dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, kamar girman ɗakin, yawan mutanen da ke cikin ɗakin, kayan aiki a cikin ɗakin, hanyoyin da ake ciki, karuwar zafi, da dai sauransu.
Mataki na Biyar: Ƙayyade Gudun Fitar da Jirgin Sama
Yawancin ɗakunan tsaftar suna ƙarƙashin matsi mai kyau, yana haifar da shirin iskar da ke fitarwa zuwa wurare masu maƙwabtaka da samun ƙananan matsatsi na tsaye da fitar da iska mara shiri ta hanyoyin lantarki, firam ɗin haske, firam ɗin taga, firam ɗin ƙofa, kallon bango/bene, bangon bango/rufi, da ƙofar shiga. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci ɗakunan ba a rufe su ta hanyar hermetically kuma suna da ɗigogi. Wurin da aka rufe da kyau zai sami ƙimar ƙarar ƙarar 1% zuwa 2%. Shin wannan yabo mara kyau ne? Ba lallai ba ne.
Na farko, ba shi yiwuwa a sami zubewar sifili. Na biyu, idan ana amfani da na'urorin sarrafa iska mai aiki, dawowa, da shaye-shaye, ana buƙatar samun mafi ƙarancin 10% bambanci tsakanin samarwa da dawo da iskar don daidaita kayan samarwa, dawowa, da sharar bawul ɗin iska daga juna. Adadin iskar da ke fitarwa ta kofofin ya dogara ne da girman kofa, bambancin matsa lamba a kan ƙofar, da kuma yadda aka rufe ƙofar (gasket, faɗuwar kofa, rufewa).
Mun san iskar da aka tsara ta kutsawa/fitowa daga wannan sarari zuwa wancan sarari. Ina fitar da ba a shirya ba? Iskar tana sauƙaƙawa a cikin sararin ingarma da fitar da saman. Duban aikin misalin mu (Hoto na 1), fitar da iska ta ƙofar ƙafar ƙafa 3- ta 7 shine 190 cfm tare da matsa lamba na daban na 0.03 a cikin wg da 270 cfm tare da matsakaicin matsa lamba na 0.05 in. wg
Mataki na shida: Ƙayyade Ma'auni na sararin samaniya
Ma'auni na sararin samaniya ya ƙunshi ƙara duk iskar iska zuwa sararin samaniya (kayyadewa, shigarwa) da duk iska mai gudana da ke barin sararin samaniya (sharewa, haɓakawa, dawowa) zama daidai. Duban kashin ciminti makaman sararin samaniya ma'auni (Hoto 2), "Solvent Packaging" yana da 2,250 cfm wadata iska da kuma 270 cfm na iska exfiltration zuwa 'Sterile Air Lock', sakamakon a mayar da iska na 1,980 cfm. "Sterile Air Lock" yana da 290 Cfm na iska wadata. 'Makarantar Magani", da 190 cfm exfiltration zuwa "Gown/Ungown", wanda ya haifar da komawar iska na 370 cfm.
"Kashi Cement Packaging" yana da 600 cfm wadata iska, 190 cfm na iska tace daga 'Kashi Cement Air Lock', 300 cfm kura tarin shaye, da kuma 490 cfm na dawowar iska. iska, 190 cfm exfiltration zuwa "Gown/Ungown". "Final Packaging" yana da 670 cfm wadata iska, 190 cfm exfiltration zuwa 'Gown/Ungown", da kuma 480 cfm na dawowar iska.
Yanzu mun ƙaddamar da wadatar daki mai tsabta, kutsawa, fitar da iska, shaye-shaye, da dawowar iska. Za a daidaita yanayin dawowar sararin samaniya na ƙarshe yayin farawa don fitar da iska mara shiri.
Mataki na Bakwai: Tantance Ragowar Canje-canje
Sauran masu canji da ake buƙatar tantancewa sun haɗa da:
Zazzabi: Masu aikin tsabtatawa suna sanya smocks ko cikakkun kayan bunny akan tufafinsu na yau da kullun don rage ɓarnawar tsararraki da yuwuwar gurɓatawa. Saboda ƙarin tufafin su, yana da mahimmanci don kula da ƙananan zafin jiki don jin dadin ma'aikaci. Matsakaicin zafin jiki tsakanin 66°F da 70° zai samar da yanayi mai daɗi.
Danshi: Saboda yawan iska mai tsafta, ana haɓaka babban cajin lantarki. Lokacin da rufi da ganuwar suna da babban cajin electrostatic kuma sararin samaniya yana da ƙarancin dangi, ƙwayar iska za ta haɗa kanta zuwa saman. Lokacin da ɗanɗanon sararin samaniya ya ƙaru, ana fitar da cajin electrostatic kuma ana fitar da duk abubuwan da aka kama a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yana haifar da tsaftar ɗakin ya fita daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Samun babban cajin wutar lantarki kuma na iya lalata abubuwa masu mahimmancin fitarwa na lantarki. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi don rage haɓakar cajin lantarki. RH ko 45% +5% ana ɗaukar matakin zafi mafi kyau.
Laminarity: Matsaloli masu mahimmanci na iya buƙatar kwararar laminar don rage damar gurɓatawa a cikin iska tsakanin matatar HEPA da tsarin. IEST Standard #IEST-WG-CC006 yana ba da buƙatun laminarity na iska.
Fitar da Electrostatic: Bayan humidification na sararin samaniya, wasu matakai suna da matukar damuwa ga lalacewar fitarwar lantarki kuma yana da mahimmanci a shigar da shimfidar shimfidar ƙasa.
Matakan Surutu da Jijjiga: Wasu madaidaicin matakai suna da matuƙar kula da amo da rawar jiki.
Mataki na takwas: Ƙayyade Tsarin Tsarin Injini
Matsaloli da yawa suna shafar shimfidar tsarin injina mai tsafta: samuwar sarari, samun kuɗin kuɗi, buƙatun tsari, rarraba tsafta, amincin da ake buƙata, farashin makamashi, lambobin gini, da yanayin gida. Ba kamar tsarin A/C na al'ada ba, tsarin A/C mai tsafta yana da iskar iskar gas fiye da yadda ake buƙata don saduwa da kayan sanyaya da dumama.
Class 100,000 (ISO 8) da ƙananan ach Class 10,000 (ISO 7) ɗakunan tsabta na iya samun duk iska ta ratsa cikin AHU. Duban Hoto na 3, iskar dawowar da iskan waje suna gauraye, tacewa, sanyaya, sake dumama, da humidated kafin a kawota zuwa matattarar HEPA na ƙarshe a cikin silin. Don hana sake zagayawa mai gurɓataccen abu a cikin ɗaki mai tsabta, ana ɗaukar iskar dawowa ta ƙarancin dawowar bango. Don mafi girma ajin 10,000 (ISO 7) da tsaftataccen ɗakuna, iskar iska ta yi yawa don duk iskar da za ta bi ta AHU. Duban Hoto na 4, ana mayar da ɗan ƙaramin yanki na iskar dawowa zuwa ga AHU don sanyaya. Ana mayar da sauran iskar zuwa fan ɗin zagayawa.
Madadin Rukunin Kula da Jirgin Sama na Gargajiya
Raka'o'in tace fan, wanda kuma aka sani da haɗaɗɗun kayan busawa, mafita ce mai tsaftataccen ɗaki tare da wasu fa'idodi akan tsarin sarrafa iska na gargajiya. Ana amfani da su a cikin ƙanana da manyan wurare tare da ƙima mai tsabta kamar ƙarancin ISO Class 3. Canjin canjin iska da buƙatun tsabta suna ƙayyade adadin matatun fan da ake buƙata. Silin mai tsabta na Class 8 na ISO na iya buƙatar 5-15% kawai na ɗaukar rufin yayin da ISO Class 3 ko mafi tsaftataccen ɗaki na iya buƙatar ɗaukar hoto 60-100%.
Mataki na tara: Yi Lissafin Dumama/ sanyaya
Lokacin yin lissafin dumama / sanyaya ɗakin tsafta, la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:
Yi amfani da mafi yawan yanayin yanayi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya (99.6% ƙirar dumama, 0.4% bushewar bushewa/tsakiya mai sanyaya deign, da 0.4% wetbulb/matsakaicin bayanan ƙira mai sanyaya bushewa).
Haɗa tacewa cikin lissafi.
Haɗa zafi mai ninki biyu cikin lissafi.
Haɗa nauyin tsari a cikin lissafi.
Haɗa zafi mai sake zagayawa cikin lissafi.
Mataki na Goma: Yaƙi don Sararin Dakin Injini
Tsabtace dakunan suna da ƙarfi na inji da lantarki. Yayin da tsaftar tsaftar ɗaki ya zama mai tsabta, ana buƙatar ƙarin sararin kayan aikin injiniya don samar da isassun tallafi ga ɗakin tsafta. Yin amfani da ɗaki mai tsafta na 1,000-sq-ft a matsayin misali, mai tsabta na Class 100,000 (ISO 8) zai buƙaci 250 zuwa 400 sq ft na sararin tallafi, Class 10,000 (ISO 7). 1,000 sq ft na sararin tallafi, da Class 100 (ISO 5) mai tsabta zai buƙaci 750 zuwa 1,500 sq ft na sararin tallafi.
Ainihin hoton murabba'in tallafi na tallafi zai bambanta dangane da kwararar iska na AHU da rikitarwa (Mai sauƙaƙa: matattara, murɗa mai dumama, kwandon sanyaya, da fan; Complex: mai sarrafa sauti, fan mai dawowa, sashin iska mai sauƙi, wurin shan iska, sashin tacewa, sashin dumama, sashin sanyaya, humidifier, fan fan, da fitarwa) da adadin sadaukarwar tsarin tallafi mai tsafta (shatsawa, ruwan zafi, iska mai sanyi, DI). Yana da mahimmanci don sadarwa da kayan aikin injin da ake buƙata na filin murabba'in ƙafa zuwa maginin aikin a farkon tsarin ƙira.
Tunani Na Karshe
Wuraren tsafta kamar motocin tsere ne. Lokacin da aka tsara da kuma gina su da kyau, injinan aiki ne masu inganci sosai. Lokacin da ba a tsara su da kuma gina su ba, suna aiki mara kyau kuma ba abin dogaro ba ne. Tsabtace dakunan wanka suna da ramummuka masu yawa, kuma kulawa ta injiniya mai ɗimbin gogewar ɗakin tsafta ana ba da shawarar don ayyukan ku na farko na ɗaki mai tsabta.
Source: gotopac
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-14-2020
