"Zosavuta" mwina si mawu omwe amabwera m'maganizo popanga malo ovuta otere. Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kupanga kapangidwe kolimba ka chipinda chotsukira pothana ndi mavuto motsatizana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza gawo lililonse lofunika, mpaka malangizo othandiza okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito pokonza mawerengedwe a katundu, kukonzekera njira zotulutsira madzi, ndi kupalasa malo okwanira a chipinda chotsukira poyerekeza ndi kalasi ya chipinda chotsukira.
Njira zambiri zopangira zinthu zimafuna malo okhwima kwambiri okhala ndi malo oyeretsera. Popeza zipinda zoyeretsera zimakhala ndi makina ovuta komanso zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zomangira, kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso mphamvu, ndikofunikira kupanga kapangidwe ka chipinda choyeretsera m'njira yolongosoka. Nkhaniyi ipereka njira yowunikira ndi kupanga zipinda zoyeretsera, kuganizira momwe anthu/zinthu zimayendera, kugawa malo oyeretsera, kupanikizika kwa malo, kuyenda kwa mpweya m'malo, kutuluka kwa mpweya m'malo, kulinganiza mpweya m'malo, zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa, kusankha makina, kuwerengera katundu wotenthetsera/kuzizira, ndi zofunikira pa malo othandizira.
Gawo Loyamba: Unikani Kapangidwe ka Anthu/Kuyenda kwa Zinthu
Ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe anthu ndi zinthu zikuyendera mkati mwa chipinda chotsukira. Ogwira ntchito m'chipinda chotsukira ndi gwero lalikulu la kuipitsidwa kwa malo otsukira ndipo njira zonse zofunika ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa zitseko ndi njira zolowera za ogwira ntchito.
Malo ofunikira kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi njira imodzi yopezera malo kuti asamakhale njira yopita ku malo ena osafunikira kwenikweni. Njira zina zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala zimakhala ndi vuto losakanikirana ndi njira zina zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala. Kusakanikirana kwa njira kuyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala kuti mudziwe njira zolowera ndi kusunga zinthu zopangira, kupatula njira zogwirira ntchito, komanso njira zotulutsira zinthu zomalizidwa komanso kusunga zinthu. Chithunzi 1 ndi chitsanzo cha malo opangira simenti ya mafupa omwe ali ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ("Solvent Packaging", "Bone Cement Packaging") malo okhala ndi njira imodzi yolowera ndi malo otsekereza mpweya ngati zotetezera kumadera omwe anthu ambiri amadutsa ("Gown", "Ungown").
Gawo Lachiwiri: Dziwani Kugawa kwa Ukhondo wa Malo
Kuti muthe kusankha gulu la zipinda zoyera, ndikofunikira kudziwa muyezo woyamba wa magulu a zipinda zoyera komanso zomwe zimafunika kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tigwire ntchito pa gulu lililonse la ukhondo. Muyezo wa Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (IEST) 14644-1 umapereka magulu osiyanasiyana a ukhondo (1, 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, ndi 100,000) ndi chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, chipinda choyera cha Class 100 chimaloledwa kukhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 3,500/cubic ft ndi 0.1 microns ndi zazikulu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 100/cubic ft. pa 0.5 microns ndi zazikulu, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 24/cubic ft. pa 1.0 microns ndi zazikulu. Tebulo ili limapereka tebulo lovomerezeka la tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka mumlengalenga pa ukhondo uliwonse:
Kugawa ukhondo wa malo kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomanga, kukonza, ndi ndalama zamagetsi m'chipinda chotsukira. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa kukana/kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu m'magulu osiyanasiyana a ukhondo ndi zofunikira za bungwe loyang'anira, monga Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Kawirikawiri, njira yowunikira kwambiri, kugawa ukhondo molimbika kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Tebulo ili limapereka magulu a ukhondo a njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira:
Njira yanu yopangira ingafunike kalasi yoyeretsa yokhwima kwambiri kutengera zofunikira zake zapadera. Samalani mukamapereka magulu a ukhondo pamalo aliwonse; sipayenera kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu kopitilira kawiri pakugawa ukhondo pakati pa malo olumikizirana. Mwachitsanzo, sikololedwa kuti chipinda choyeretsa cha Class 100,000 chitsegulidwe mu chipinda choyeretsa cha Class 100, koma ndikololedwa kuti chipinda choyeretsa cha Class 100,000 chitsegulidwe mu chipinda choyeretsa cha Class 1,000.
Poganizira malo athu okonzera simenti ya mafupa (Chithunzi 1), "Gown", Ungown" ndi "Final Packaging" ndi malo osafunikira kwenikweni ndipo ali ndi gulu la ukhondo wa Class 100,000 (ISO 8), "Bone Cement Airlock" ndi "Sterile Airlock" otseguka ku malo ofunikira ndipo ali ndi gulu la ukhondo wa Class 10,000 (ISO 7); 'Bone Cement Packaging" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ndipo ili ndi gulu la ukhondo wa Class 10,000 (ISO 7), ndipo 'Solvent Packaging" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ndipo imachitika mu gulu la Class 100 (ISO 5) laminar flowhoods mu chipinda choyeretsa cha Class 1,000 (ISO 6).
Gawo Lachitatu: Dziwani Kupanikizika kwa Malo
Kusunga mpweya wabwino m'malo oyeretsera, poyerekeza ndi malo odetsedwa ogwirizana, ndikofunikira kwambiri poletsa zinthu zodetsa kulowa m'chipinda choyera. N'zovuta kwambiri kusunga ukhondo wa malo nthawi zonse ngati uli ndi mpweya woipa kapena woipa. Kodi kusiyana kwa mpweya m'malo kuyenera kukhala kotani pakati pa malo? Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana adawunika momwe mpweya wodetsa umalowera m'chipinda choyera poyerekeza ndi momwe mpweya umayendera pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi malo oyandikana nawo osalamulirika. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kusiyana kwa mpweya wa 0.03 mpaka 0.05 mu wg kumathandiza kuchepetsa kulowa kwa mpweya wodetsa. Kusiyana kwa mpweya wodetsa pamwamba pa 0.05 mu wg sikupereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yowongolera kulowa kwa mpweya wodetsa kuposa 0.05 mu wg.
Kumbukirani, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pamalo okwera kumakhala ndi mtengo wokwera wa mphamvu ndipo n'kovuta kulamulira. Komanso, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwakukulu kumafuna mphamvu zambiri potsegula ndi kutseka zitseko. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pachitseko ndi 0.1 inchi pa 0.1 inchi, chitseko cha mamita atatu ndi mamita asanu ndi awiri chimafuna mphamvu ya mapaundi 11 kuti chitsegulidwe ndi kutsekedwa. Chipinda chotsukira chingafunike kukonzedwanso kuti kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kosasinthasintha pakati pa zitseko kukhale kovomerezeka.
Malo athu osungiramo simenti ya mafupa akumangidwa mkati mwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya malo osalowerera (0.0 in. wg). Mpweya wotseka pakati pa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi "Gown/Ungown" ulibe gulu loyeretsa malo ndipo sudzakhala ndi mphamvu ya malo yodziwika bwino. "Gown/Ungown" idzakhala ndi mphamvu ya malo yokwana 0.03 in. wg "Bone Cement Air Lock" ndi "Sterile Air Lock" idzakhala ndi mphamvu ya malo yokwana 0.06 in. wg "Final Packaging" idzakhala ndi mphamvu ya malo yokwana 0.06 in. wg "Bone Cement Packaging" idzakhala ndi mphamvu ya malo yokwana 0.03 in. wg, ndipo mphamvu ya malo yocheperako kuposa 'Bone Cement Air Lock' ndi "Final Packaging" kuti isunge fumbi lomwe limapangidwa panthawi yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Mpweya womwe umasefedwa mu 'Bone Cement Packaging' ukuchokera ku malo omwe ali ndi gulu lomwelo la ukhondo. Kulowa kwa mpweya sikuyenera kuchoka pa malo odetsedwa kwambiri oyeretsa kupita ku malo oyeretsera ukhondo. "Solvent Packaging" idzakhala ndi mphamvu ya 0.11 inchi wg. Zindikirani, kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya malo pakati pa malo osafunikira kwenikweni ndi 0.03 inchi wg ndipo kusiyana kwa malo pakati pa "Solvent Packaging" ndi "Sterile Air Lock" ndi 0.05 inchi wg. Kuthamanga kwa malo a 0.11 inchi wg sikufuna zolimbitsa zapadera pamakoma kapena padenga. Kuthamanga kwa malo opitilira 0.5 inchi wg kuyenera kuyesedwa kuti kungafunike kulimbitsa kwina kwa kapangidwe kake.
Gawo Lachinayi: Dziwani Kuyenda kwa Mpweya mu Malo
Kugawa mpweya m'malo ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mpweya ufike m'chipinda choyera. Poyang'ana tebulo 3, gulu lililonse loyera lili ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umasintha. Mwachitsanzo, chipinda choyera cha Class 100,000 chili ndi kutalika kwa mainchesi 15 mpaka 30. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umasintha m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika m'chipinda choyera. Chipinda choyera cha Class 100,000 (ISO 8) chokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa anthu, njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepa, komanso kupanikizika kwabwino kwa malo poyerekeza ndi malo odetsedwa pafupi chingagwiritse ntchito mainchesi 15, pomwe chipinda choyera chomwecho chokhala ndi anthu ambiri, magalimoto ambiri olowa/otuluka, njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochuluka, kapena kupanikizika kwa malo osalowerera ndale mwina kungafunike mainchesi 30.
Wopanga mapulani ayenera kuwunika momwe akugwiritsira ntchito ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kuyenda kwa mpweya m'malo ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka, kulowa kwa mpweya kudzera m'zitseko/m'mabowo, ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya kudzera m'zitseko/m'mabowo. IEST yafalitsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya komwe kukulimbikitsidwa mu Standard 14644-4.
Poyang'ana Chithunzi 1, "Gown/Ungown" inali ndi maulendo ambiri olowera/kutuluka koma si malo ofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 20 pa ch., 'Sterile Air Lock" ndi "Bone Cement Packaging Air Lock" zili pafupi ndi malo ofunikira opangira zinthu ndipo pankhani ya "Bone Cement Packaging Air Lock", mpweya umatuluka kuchokera ku air lock kupita ku malo okonzera zinthu. Ngakhale kuti ma air lock awa ali ndi maulendo ochepa olowera/kutuluka ndipo alibe njira zopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kufunika kwawo kofunikira monga chotetezera pakati pa "Gown/Ungown" ndi njira zopangira zinthu kumapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi 40 ach.
"Kupaka Komaliza" kumayika matumba a simenti/zosungunulira m'thumba lachiwiri lomwe silili lofunika kwambiri ndipo limapangitsa kuti pakhale chiŵerengero cha mainchesi 20. "Kupaka Simenti Ya Mafupa" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha mainchesi 40. 'Kupaka Zosungunulira" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imachitika mu ma hood amadzimadzi a Class 100 (ISO 5) mkati mwa chipinda chotsukira cha Class 1,000 (ISO 6). 'Kupaka Zosungunulira' kuli ndi kuyenda kochepa kwambiri kolowera/kutuluka komanso kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiŵerengero cha mainchesi 150.
Kugawa Zipinda Zoyera ndi Kusintha kwa Mpweya Pa Ola Lililonse
Kuyeretsa mpweya kumachitika podutsa mpweya kudzera mu zosefera za HEPA. Mpweya ukadutsa nthawi zambiri mu zosefera za HEPA, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatsala mu mpweya wa m'chipindamo. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosefedwa mu ola limodzi kugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chipindacho kumapereka kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya pa ola limodzi.
Kusintha kwa mpweya komwe kwaperekedwa pamwambapa pa ola limodzi ndi lamulo lokhalo lokhazikika. Kuyenera kuwerengedwa ndi katswiri wa HVAC cleanroom, chifukwa zinthu zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa, monga kukula kwa chipindacho, chiwerengero cha anthu mchipindamo, zida zomwe zili mchipindamo, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutentha komwe kukubwera, ndi zina zotero.
Gawo Lachisanu: Dziwani Kuyenda kwa Mpweya Mumlengalenga
Zipinda zambiri zoyera zimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wokonzedwa utuluke m'malo oyandikana nawo okhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso mpweya wosakonzedwa kudzera m'malo otulutsira magetsi, magetsi, mafelemu a zenera, mafelemu a zitseko, mawonekedwe a khoma/pansi, mawonekedwe a khoma/denga, ndi zitseko zolowera. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti zipinda sizimatsekedwa bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi madzi otuluka. Chipinda choyera chotsekedwa bwino chimakhala ndi madzi otuluka a 1% mpaka 2%. Kodi madzi otulukawa ndi oipa? Sikoyenera.
Choyamba, n'zosatheka kuti pasakhale kutuluka madzi konse. Chachiwiri, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyendetsera mpweya, zobweza mpweya, ndi zowongolera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, payenera kukhala kusiyana kwa 10% pakati pa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi wobwerera kuti muchepetse ma valve a mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, wobwerera, ndi wotulutsa mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka kudzera m'zitseko kumadalira kukula kwa chitseko, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pachitseko, komanso momwe chitsekocho chatsekeredwa bwino (magasket, madontho a chitseko, kutseka).
Tikudziwa kuti mpweya wolowera/wotuluka womwe umakonzedwa umapita kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina. Kodi mpweya wotuluka wosakonzedwa umapita kuti? Mpweya umamasuka mkati mwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi pamwamba. Poganizira chitsanzo chathu (Chithunzi 1), mpweya wotuluka kudzera pakhomo la mamita atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi 190 cfm ndi kupanikizika kosiyana kwa 0.03 mu wg ndi 270 cfm ndi kupsinjika kosiyana kwa 0.05 in. wg
Gawo Lachisanu ndi chimodzi: Dziwani Kulinganiza Mpweya wa Mumlengalenga
Kulinganiza mpweya m'mlengalenga kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mpweya wonse m'malo (kuperekera, kulowa mkati) ndi mpweya wonse womwe umachoka m'malo (utsi, kutuluka, kubwerera) kukhala wofanana. Poganizira za kulinganiza mpweya m'malo mwa simenti ya fupa (Chithunzi 2), "Solvent Packaging" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 2,250 cfm ndi 270 cfm ya mpweya wotuluka mu 'Sterile Air Lock', zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wobwerera ufike 1,980 cfm. "Sterile Air Lock" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 290 cfm, 270 cfm ya kulowa kuchokera ku 'Solvent Packaging', ndi 190 cfm exfiltration kupita ku "Gown/Ungown", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wobwerera ufike 370 cfm.
"Bone Cement Packaging" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 600 cfm, kusefa mpweya wa 190 cfm kuchokera ku 'Bone Cement Air Lock', utsi wotulutsa fumbi wa 300 cfm, ndi mpweya wobwerera wa 490 cfm. "Bone Cement Air Lock" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 380 cfm, kutulutsa kwa 190 cfm kupita ku 'Bone Cement Packaging' ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 670 cfm, kutulutsa kwa 190 cfm kupita ku "Gown/Ungown". "Final Packaging" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 670 cfm, kutulutsa kwa 190 cfm kupita ku 'Gown/Ungown', ndi mpweya wobwerera wa 480 cfm. "Gown/Ungown" ili ndi mpweya wokwanira 480 cfm, kulowa kwa 570 cfm, kutuluka kwa 190 cfm, ndi kubwerera kwa 860 cfm.
Tsopano tadziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'chipinda choyera, kulowa, kusefera, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi mpweya wobwerera. Mpweya womaliza wobwerera m'malo udzasinthidwa panthawi yoyambitsa kutulutsa mpweya wosakonzekera.
Gawo Lachisanu ndi Chiwiri: Unikani Zosintha Zotsala
Zosintha zina zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi izi:
Kutentha: Ogwira ntchito m'chipinda chotsukira amavala zovala zofewa kapena zovala za kalulu pamwamba pa zovala zawo wamba kuti achepetse kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kuipitsidwa. Chifukwa cha zovala zawo zowonjezera, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kochepa kuti antchito azikhala omasuka. Kutentha kwapakati pa 66°F ndi 70° kudzapereka malo abwino.
Chinyezi: Chifukwa cha mpweya wochuluka m'chipinda chotsukira, mphamvu yaikulu yamagetsi imapangidwa. Denga ndi makoma akakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi ndipo malo ali ndi chinyezi chochepa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timauluka timadziphatika pamwamba. Chinyezi cha malo chikawonjezeka, mphamvu yamagetsi imatuluka ndipo tinthu tonse tomwe tagwidwa timatulutsidwa pakapita nthawi yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipinda chotsukira chisagwirizane ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi kumatha kuwononganso zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi. Ndikofunikira kusunga chinyezi cha malocho chili pamwamba mokwanira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. RH kapena 45% +5% imaonedwa kuti ndi mulingo woyenera wa chinyezi.
Kuwala: Njira zofunika kwambiri zingafunike kuyenda kwa laminar kuti muchepetse mwayi woti zinthu zodetsa zilowe mu mpweya pakati pa fyuluta ya HEPA ndi njirayo. IEST Standard #IEST-WG-CC006 imapereka zofunikira pakuyenda kwa mpweya.
Kutulutsa Madzi Okhazikika: Kupatula chinyezi m'malo, njira zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa kutulutsa madzi okhazikika ndipo ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa pansi pamadzi oyendetsedwa ndi nthaka.
Magulu a Phokoso ndi Kugwedezeka: Njira zina zolondola zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku phokoso ndi kugwedezeka.
Gawo Lachisanu ndi chitatu: Dziwani Kapangidwe ka Makina
Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza kapangidwe ka makina a chipinda chotsukira: kupezeka kwa malo, ndalama zomwe zilipo, zofunikira pa ntchito, kugawa ukhondo, kudalirika kofunikira, mtengo wamagetsi, malamulo omangira, ndi nyengo yakomweko. Mosiyana ndi makina wamba a A/C, makina a A/C a chipinda chotsukira ali ndi mpweya wokwanira wokwanira kuposa momwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse kuziziritsa ndi kutentha.
Zipinda zoyera za Class 100,000 (ISO 8) ndi zotsika mtengo Zipinda zoyera za Class 10,000 (ISO 7) zimatha kukhala ndi mpweya wonse kudzera mu AHU. Poyang'ana Chithunzi 3, mpweya wobwerera ndi mpweya wakunja zimasakanizidwa, kusefedwa, kuziziritsidwa, kutenthedwanso, ndi kunyowa musanaperekedwe ku zosefera za HEPA zomwe zili padenga. Pofuna kupewa kubwereranso kwa mpweya woipa m'chipinda choyera, mpweya wobwerera umatengedwa ndi kubwereranso kwa khoma kochepa. Pa zipinda zoyera za class 10,000 (ISO 7) zapamwamba komanso zoyera, mpweya wobwerera ndi wokwera kwambiri kuti mpweya wonse udutse mu AHU. Poyang'ana Chithunzi 4, gawo laling'ono la mpweya wobwerera limatumizidwa ku AHU kuti likonzedwe. Mpweya wotsala umabwezeretsedwa ku fan yoyendera magazi.
Njira Zina Zosinthira Ma Unit Achikhalidwe Oyendetsera Mpweya
Ma filter a fan, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma integrated blower modules, ndi njira yoyeretsera ma cleanroom yomwe ili ndi ubwino wina kuposa ma air hand system achikhalidwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ang'onoang'ono komanso akuluakulu okhala ndi ukhondo wochepa ngati ISO Class 3. Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya ndi zofunikira pa ukhondo zimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa ma filter a fan omwe amafunikira. Denga la ISO Class 8 lingafunike 5-15% yokha ya denga pomwe ISO Class 3 kapena cleanroom ingafunike 60-100%.
Gawo Lachisanu ndi Chiwiri: Kuwerengera Kutentha/Kuziziritsa
Mukamawerengera kutentha/kuzizira m'chipinda choyera, ganizirani izi:
Gwiritsani ntchito nyengo yosamala kwambiri (99.6% kapangidwe ka kutentha, 0.4% kapangidwe ka babu louma/wapakati wa wetbulb wozizira, ndi 0.4% deta ya kapangidwe ka kuzizira kwa babu louma/wapakati wa wetbulb wozizira).
Phatikizani kusefa mu mawerengedwe.
Phatikizani kutentha kwa humidifier manifold mu mawerengedwe.
Phatikizani kuchuluka kwa njira mu mawerengedwe.
Phatikizani kutentha kwa fan yobwerezabwereza mu mawerengedwe.
Gawo Khumi: Yesetsani Malo Opangira Zipinda Zamakina
Zipinda zotsukira zimafuna mphamvu zambiri pamakina ndi magetsi. Pamene gulu la ukhondo wa chipinda chotsukira likukhala loyera, malo ambiri ofunikira pakupanga zinthu zamakina amafunika kuti chipinda chotsukira chikhale chothandiza mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito chipinda chotsukira cha 1,000-sq-ft, chipinda chotsukira cha Class 100,000 (ISO 8) chidzafunika malo okwana 250 mpaka 400 sq ft, chipinda chotsukira cha Class 10,000 (ISO 7) chidzafunika malo okwana 250 mpaka 750 sq ft, chipinda chotsukira cha Class 1,000 (ISO 6) chidzafunika malo okwana 500 mpaka 1,000 sq ft, ndipo chipinda chotsukira cha Class 100 (ISO 5) chidzafunika malo okwana 750 mpaka 1,500 sq ft.
Magawo enieni a sikweya othandizira amasiyana malinga ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya wa AHU ndi zovuta zake (Zosavuta: fyuluta, chotenthetsera, choziziritsira, ndi fani; Zovuta: chochepetsera mawu, fani yobwerera, gawo la mpweya wothandiza, mpweya wolowa kunja, gawo la fyuluta, gawo lotenthetsera, gawo loziziritsira, chonyowetsa, fani yoperekera, ndi plenum yotulutsira madzi) ndi kuchuluka kwa makina othandizira oyeretsera (utsi, mayunitsi a mpweya wobwerezabwereza, madzi ozizira, madzi otentha, nthunzi, ndi madzi a DI/RO). Ndikofunikira kufotokozera katswiri wa zomangamanga za malo ofunikira a zida zamakina kwa wopanga mapulani kumayambiriro kwa kapangidwe kake.
Maganizo Omaliza
Zipinda zoyera zili ngati magalimoto ampikisano. Zikapangidwa bwino, zimakhala makina ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zikapangidwa molakwika, sizigwira ntchito bwino ndipo sizidalirika. Zipinda zoyera zili ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo kuyang'aniridwa ndi injiniya wodziwa bwino ntchito yoyeretsa kumalimbikitsidwa pa ntchito zanu zoyamba ziwiri zoyeretsa.
Chitsime: gotopac
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-14-2020
