Kusukela kubuchwepheshe beLab kuya ku-Orbital Staple
Ukomisa ngeqhwa (i-lyophilization) kulondoloza ukudla ngokususa umswakama ngenkathi kusaqandisiwe, kuvimbele ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana futhi kusize ukugcina umbala, ukuma, kanye nezakhamzimba. Le ndlela isuke ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi yaya ekudleni yabe isingena ekundizeni kwabantu emkhathini njengempendulo ewusizo yemingcele yobukhulu, umthamo, kanye nokuphepha.
Izinhlelo zakuqala zabeka imigomo eqinile—isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini lokushisa legumbi, isimo esincane, isisindo esincane, kanye nokulungiselela okusheshayo nokungenamandla. Izindlela zokulondoloza i-NASA ezihlolwe zazihlanganisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa ngokuqandisa, umswakama ophakathi nendawo, ukufakelwa kwemisebe, kanye nokupakisha i-nitrogen. Abasebenzi besikhathi seMercury bazame ama-cubes amancane, impuphu ezomisiwe ngokuqandisa, kanye noketshezi oluncane, okwakunzima ukubutha kabusha futhi kwadala imvuthuluka entantayo ku-microgravity.[1]
Kungani Osomkhathi Besayisebenzisa
Ngokususa cishe wonke amanzi, ukudla okomisiwe okuqandisiwe kunciphisa isisindo sokuqalisa, kwandise isikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokuqandisa, futhi kuphinde kunikeze amanzi ngemishini encane kakhulu—izinzuzo ezisabalulekile ngisho noma imikhumbi yesimanje yezindiza ithuthuka. E-International Space Station, isibonelo, abasebenzi bangase babe neziqandisi nama-oven, kodwa ukudla okomisiwe okuqandisiwe kanye nezinhlangothi kuseyingxenye yenhlanganisela yemenyu ngenxa yokuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwazo.[1]
Ukulungela amanzi abandayo:I-NASA yabeka umgomo wokuthi ukudla kuphinde kumile emanzini angaba ngu-80°F (27°C) zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-10; ama-gravies athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile afinyelela ekubuyiselweni kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokugcwele cishe ngemizuzu emi-5.[1]
Indlela Ukomisa Ngokuqandisa Okusebenza Ngayo
Ukudla kuqandisiwe (cishe ngo-−40°F), kufakwa ekamelweni lokuhlanza, bese kufudunyezwa kancane ukuze iqhwa lidlule isigaba soketshezi bese liphenduka ngqo libe umhwamuko (i-sublimation). Umhwamuko wamanzi uyasuswa bese umjikelezo uphinda kaningi kuze kube yilapho umkhiqizo womile ngokuphelele. Imijikelezo evamile ithatha cishe amahora angu-8-24 futhi ingasusa amanzi angaphezu kuka-99% okuqala.[1]
Ukudla Okunomsoco, Ukuthungwa, Nokunambitha
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqandisa kusekela isakhiwo sokudla ngesikhathi sokomisa, izinto ezibuyiselwe amanzi emzimbeni zingagcina ukuthungwa nokunambitheka okukhangayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuvamile, okuvame ukususa umswakama ongu-92–96%, ukususwa kokuqandisa ngokuqandisa okungaphezulu kuka-99% kuveza amaphakethe alula, ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha, kanye nokugcinwa okungcono kwamaminerali nezinye izakhamzimba.[1]
Inothi Lesiko: Iqiniso Mayelana “Ne-Ayisikhilimu Yezinkanyezi”
I-ayisikhilimu edumile eyomisiwe ngokuqandisa yaqala njengento entsha emphakathini ngo-1973 exhunywe ne-Ames Visitor Center. Yasebenzisa intuthuko yenqubo eqhutshwa umkhathi kodwa kwakungeyona into ejwayelekile yokudla kwezinkanyezi. Noma kunjalo, le ndaba yasiza ekwenzeni ukudla okomisiwe ngokuqandisa kuthandwe ngabantu abaya emnyuziyamu kanye nabathandi bangaphandle.[1]
Okulandelayo
Uma sibheka phambili, ucwaningo lugxile kumaphrofayili okomisa ahlakaniphile ukuze kutholakale amanzi anele ngokushesha, alinganayo, kuqiniswe ukuqina kwezakhamzimba ezincane, kanye namamenyu aqondene nomsebenzi. Umgomo ujwayelekile: ukudla okunempilo okuphezulu kanye nomoya omuhle, isisindo esincane kanye nokuchitha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini eyenza ukudla okomisiwe okuqandisiwe kwaba kuhle kakhulu ekundizeni kwasekuqaleni kwezindiza zasemkhathini?
Zifanelana kahle: zizinzile eshalofini ekamelweni lokushisa, zincane, zilula, futhi kulula ukuzilungisa ngamanzi noma imishini encane—zilungele ukusebenza kwe-microgravity.
Ukomisa ngeqhwa kuhluke kanjani ekuphelelweni kwamanzi okuvamile?
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kususa amanzi angama-~92–96%; ukomisa ngeqhwa kususa >99%. Umphumela uba umthwalo omncane, ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha, kanye nokugcinwa kwezakhamzimba okungcono.
Ingabe osomkhathi badla ngempela i-ayisikhilimu eyomiswe ngokuqandisa?
Cha—kwaqala ngo-1973 njengento entsha yomnyuziyamu exhunywe ne-Ames Visitor Center ye-NASA kunokuba kube ukudla okujwayelekile kwasemkhathini.
Inqubo ihilelani?
Qeda cishe ku-−40°F, faka i-vacuum, engeza ukushisa okuthambile ukuze iqhwa linciphe libe umhwamuko, phinda imijikelezo kuze kube yilapho amanzi esephelile (ngokuvamile amahora angaphezu kuka-8-24).
Ingabe abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuphinda banikeze amanzi ekudleni ngamanzi abandayo?
Yebo. I-NASA ihlose amanzi angama-~80°F (27°C) ngefasitela lemizuzu eyi-10; ukwakheka okuthile okufana nama-gravies kufinyelele imizuzu eyi-~5.
Izinkomba
- I-NASA Spinoff (2020).Ukudla Okuqandisiwe Okunomsoco Kuqinisa Abazingeli kanye Nomcabango. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-12-2025
