Mai i te Tikanga Taiwhanga ki te Mea Matua o te Orbital
Mā te whakamaroke-tio (lyophilization) ka tiakina te kai mā te tango i te makuku i a ia e tio tonu ana, ka ārai i te hinga o ngā pūtau me te āwhina ki te pupuri i te tae, te āhua, me ngā matūkai. I neke te tikanga mai i te whakamahinga rongoā ki ngā kai, kātahi ki te rere ātea o te tangata hei whakautu whai hua ki ngā herenga papatipu, rōrahi, me te haumaru.
I whakatakotohia e ngā kaupapa tōmua ngā paearu tino pakari—te roa o te oranga i roto i te pāmahana rūma, te āhua kiato, te taumaha iti, me te whakarite tere, iti hoki te kaha. Ko ngā huarahi tiaki i tirohia e NASA ko te whakamaroke, te whakamaroke tio, te makuku waenga, te whakamātao i te hihi, me te tākai hauota. I whakamātauhia e ngā kapa o te wā o Mercury ngā poraka iti te rahi, ngā paura whakamaroke tio, me ngā wai-haurua, he uaua ki te whakamakuku anō, ā, i hangaia he kongakonga mānu i roto i te kaha moroiti.[1]
He aha i whakamahia tonu ai e ngā kairangi whetū
Mā te tango i te nuinga o te wai, ka whakaitihia te nui o te kai kua whakamaroketia, ka roa ake te ora o te kai me te kore e whakamatao, ā, ka whakamakuku anō me te iti o ngā taputapu—he painga e mau tonu ana te hiranga ahakoa te whakapai ake o ngā waka rererangi hou. Hei tauira, i te Teihana Wāhi Ātea o te Ao, tera pea he pouaka whakamātao me he oumu ā ngā kaimahi, engari kei te noho tonu ngā kai matua me ngā taha kua whakamaroketia ki te tahua nā te mea he pono, he whai hua hoki.[1]
Te rite mō te wai matao:I whakatakoto a NASA i te whāinga kia whakaranua ngā kai ki te wai tata ki te 80°F (27°C) i roto i te 10 meneti; i roto i te 5 meneti pea ka tino makuku ngā kai i hangaia mō taua kai.[1]
Te Mahi a te Whakamaroke-Hukapapa
Ka tio te kai (tata ki te −40°F), ka whakatakotoria ki roto i te rūma korehau, ā, ka whakamahana mārietia kia kore ai te huka e puta i te wai, ka huri tika hei kohu (whakapūmau). Ka tangohia te kohu wai, ā, ka maha ngā wā ka whakahokia te huringa kia maroke rawa te hua. Ko te roanga o ngā huringa noa he tata ki te 8–24 hāora, ā, neke atu i te 99% o te wai taketake ka taea te tango.[1]
Kai, Kakano, me te Reka
Nā te mea ka tautoko te tio i te hanganga o te kai i te wā e whakamaroke ana, ka taea e ngā kai kua whakamakukuhia te pupuri i te kakano me te reka ataahua. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakamaroketanga tikanga, e tango ana i te ~92–96% o te makuku, ko te tangohanga o te >99% o te whakamaroketanga tio ka hua ake he mama ake ngā putea, he tere ake te whakamakuku, ā, he pai ake te pupuri i ngā kohuke me ētahi atu matūkai.[1]
Tuhipoka Ahurea: Te Pono mō te "Aikurīmi a te Kairangi"
I tīmata te aihikirīmi rongonui kua whakamaroketia hei mea hou ki te marea i te tau 1973 i honoa ki te Ames Visitor Center. I whakamahia e ia ngā whanaketanga tukanga i ahu mai i te wāhi, engari ehara i te mea noa mō ngā kairangi rererangi. Heoi anō, nā te kōrero i whakatairanga i ngā kai reka kua whakamaroketia ki ngā manuhiri whare taonga me ngā kaiwhaiwhai o waho.[1]
He aha te mea e whai ake nei
I te tirohanga whakamua, ka arotahi ngā rangahau ki ngā kōtaha whakamaroke atamai ake mō te tere ake, te taurite ake o te whakamakuku, te pumau o ngā matūkai iti, me ngā tahua motuhake ki te kaupapa. Kua mōhiotia te whāinga: te nui o te kai me te wairua, te iti o te taumaha me te para.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mea i ātaahua ai ngā kai maroke-tio mō ngā rerenga ātea o mua?
E ōrite ana ki te kaupapa matua: ka pumau ki te whata i te pāmahana rūma, he kiato, he mama, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakarite me te iti o te wai, o ngā taputapu rānei—he tino pai mō ngā mahi moroiti-kaha.
He aha te rerekētanga o te whakamaroke-tio i te whakamaroketanga tikanga?
Ka tangohia e te maroketanga te ~92–96% o te wai; ka tangohia e te whakamaroke-tio te >99%. Ko te mutunga mai he mama ake ngā kawenga, he tere ake te whakamakuku, ā, he pai ake te pupuri i ngā matūkai.
He pono rānei ka kai ngā kairangi i te aihikirīmi maroke-tio?
Kāo—i tīmata mai i te tau 1973 hei taonga hou mō ngā whare taonga e hono ana ki te Ames Visitor Center a NASA, kaua hei kai mō te wāhi mokowhiti noa.
He aha ngā mea e pā ana ki te tukanga?
Whakatiohia ki te −40°F, whakamahia te korehau, tāpirihia he wera mārie kia memeha te huka hei kohu, whakahokia ngā huringa kia pau rawa te wai (i roto i ngā haora 8–24 te nuinga).
Ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakamakuku anō i ngā kai ki te wai matao?
Āe. I arotahi a NASA ki te wai ~80°F (27°C) me te matapihi 10-meneti; ko ngā hanganga motuhake pēnei i te gravy i eke ki te ~5 meneti.
Ngā Tohutoro
- NASA Spinoff (2020).Ka whāngai ngā kai maroke-tio i ngā kaihōpara me te whakaaro auaha. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-2025
