Kubva paLab Technique kusvika kuOrbital Staple
Kuomesa nechando (lyophilization) kunochengetedza chikafu nekubvisa hunyoro panguva yachiri kuomeswa nechando, zvichidzivirira kuparara kwemasero uye zvinobatsira kuchengetedza ruvara, chimiro, uye zvinovaka muviri. Nzira iyi yakachinja kubva pakushandiswa kwemishonga kuenda kuzvekudya uye yakazopinda mudenga revanhu semhinduro inoshanda kune huremu, huwandu, uye kuchengetedzeka.
Mapurogiramu ekutanga akaisa mitemo yakasimba—nguva yekushanda kwemukamuri, chimiro chakaoma, huremu hushoma, uye kugadzirira nekukurumidza uye kushoma. Nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakaongororwa neNASA dzaisanganisira kushaya mvura mumuviri, kuomesa nechando, hunyoro hwepakati, kupiswa nemwaranzi, uye kurongedza nitrogen. Vashandi venguva yeMercury vakaedza macubes akakura, hupfu hwakaomeswa nechando, uye semi-liquids, izvo zvaive zvakaoma kudzoreredza mvura uye zvakagadzira zvidimbu zvinoyangarara mu microgravity.[1]
Nei Vaongorori Venyeredzi Vachiri Kuishandisa?
Nekubvisa mvura yakawanda, chikafu chakaomeswa nechando chinoderedza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa muchikepe, chinowedzera nguva yekugara pasina firiji, uye chinonyorovesa mvura nemidziyo mishoma—zvinobatsira zvichiri kushanda kunyangwe ngarava dzemuchadenga dzemazuva ano dzichivandudzika. Semuenzaniso, paInternational Space Station, vashandi vanogona kunge vaine mafiriji nemaovheni, asi zvinhu zvekuisa muchikepe nepamativi zvichiri chikamu chemenyu nekuda kwekuvimbika kwavo uye kushanda zvakanaka.[1]
Kugadzirira mvura inotonhora:NASA yakaisa chinangwa chekuti chikafu chidzoke mumvura inenge 80°F (27°C) mukati memaminitsi gumi; gravies yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yakasvika pakudzorerwa kwemvura mumuviri kwakazara mumaminitsi mashanu.[1]
Kushanda Kwakaita Kuomesa Nechando
Chikafu chinoomeswa nechando (inenge -40°F), choiswa mukamuri re vacuum, chodziiswa zvinyoro nyoro kuitira kuti chando chisapinde muchikamu chemvura choshanduka kuita utsi (sublimation). Utsi hwemvura hunobviswa uye kutenderera uku kunodzokororwa kakawanda kusvika chigadzirwa chaoma. Kutenderera kwakajairika kunosvika maawa angangoita 8-24 uye kunogona kubvisa mvura yepakutanga inopfuura 99%.[1]
Kudya, Magadzirirwo, uye Kuravira
Nekuti kuomesa chikafu nechando kunotsigira chimiro chechikafu panguva yekuomesa, zvinhu zvakadzorerwa mvura mumuviri zvinogona kuchengetedza kunaka uye kunaka kwakanaka. Zvichienzaniswa nekushomeka kwemvura mumuviri, izvo zvinowanzobvisa ~92–96% yehunyoro, kubviswa kweomesa nechando kwe >99% kunopa zvidimbu zviri nyore, kudzorera mvura mumuviri nekukurumidza, uye kuchengetedza zvicherwa nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri zviri nani.[1]
Chinyorwa cheTsika: Chokwadi Nezve "Aizikirimu yeMuchadenga"
Aizi kirimu yakakurumbira yakaomeswa nechando yakatanga sechinhu chitsva chakatanga kuonekwa nevanhu muna 1973 ichibatanidzwa neAmes Visitor Center. Yakashandisa kufambira mberi kwemaitiro emuchadenga asi yakanga isiri chikafu chevanofamba nemhepo. Nyaya iyi yakabatsira kufadza vanhu vanoenda kumuseum nevanofarira zvekunze.[1]
Chii Chinotevera
Tichitarisa mberi, tsvakurudzo inotarisa pakuomesa kwakangwara kuti pave nekukurumidzira, kwakaringana, kugadzikana kwezvinovaka muviri, uye menyu inoenderana nebasa rayo. Chinangwa chacho ndechekuziva: kudya kwakakwana uye kuva nepfungwa dzakanaka, huremu hushoma uye kuraswa.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chii chakaita kuti chikafu chakaomeswa nechando chikwezve vanhu vanotanga kufamba muchadenga?
Dzinokodzera jira remukati: dzinogara pasherufu patembiricha yemumba, dzakatetepa, dzakareruka, uye dziri nyore kugadzirira nemvura shoma kana michina—dzakanakira mashandiro e microgravity.
Kuomesa nechando kwakasiyana sei nekubvisa mvura mumuviri nenzira yechinyakare?
Kushaya mvura mumuviri kunobvisa ~92–96% yemvura; kuomesa nechando kunobvisa >99%. Mugumisiro wacho unorerutsa mutoro, kudzorerwa kwemvura mumuviri nekukurumidza, uye kazhinji kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri zviri nani.
Vatyairi vendege vanodya ice cream yakaomeswa nechando zvechokwadi here?
Kwete—yakatanga muna 1973 senzvimbo itsva yemiziyamu yakabatana neNASA's Ames Visitor Center kwete senzvimbo yekudya yemuchadenga.
Chii chinosanganisirei?
Isa muchando kusvika pa -40°F, isa vacuum cleaner, wedzera kupisa kwakapfava kuitira kuti chando chiite utsi, dzokorora kusvika mvura yapera (kazhinji kwemaawa anopfuura 8-24).
Vashandi vanogona here kunyorovesa chikafu nemvura inotonhora?
Ehe. NASA yakatarisa mvura inosvika ~80°F (27°C) ine hwindo remaminitsi gumi; mishonga chaiyo yakaita segravies inosvika ~5 maminitsi.
Mareferensi
- NASA Spinoff (2020).Zvekudya Zvakaomeswa Nechando Zvinopa Simba Vafambi Nemafungiro. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-12-2025
