Daga Dabarar Lab zuwa Tsarin Orbital
Busar da abinci (lyophilization) yana kiyaye abinci ta hanyar cire danshi yayin da yake daskarewa, yana hana rugujewar ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma taimakawa wajen riƙe launi, siffa, da abubuwan gina jiki. Hanyar ta ƙaura daga amfani da magunguna zuwa abinci sannan ta koma tafiyar sararin samaniya ta ɗan adam a matsayin amsa mai amfani ga ƙuntatawa na taro, girma, da aminci.
Shirye-shiryen farko sun kafa ƙa'idodi masu tsauri—lokacin da za a adana a ɗakin zafin jiki, ƙaramin tsari, ƙarancin nauyi, da kuma shiri mai sauri da ƙarancin ƙoƙari. Hanyoyin kiyayewa da NASA ta bincika sun haɗa da bushewar jiki, busar da shi, danshi mai matsakaici, pasteurization na radiation, da kuma tattara nitrogen. Ma'aikatan zamanin Mercury sun gwada cubes masu girman cizo, foda busasshe, da rabin ruwa, waɗanda suke da wahalar sake cika ruwa kuma suka haifar da ɓawon da ke iyo a cikin ƙananan nauyi.[1]
Me Yasa 'Yan Samari Har Yanzu Suke Amfani Da Shi
Ta hanyar cire kusan dukkan ruwa, abincin da aka busar da shi da daskarewa yana rage yawan harbawa, yana tsawaita lokacin da ba a sanyaya shi ba, sannan kuma yana sake sanyaya shi da ƙarancin kayan aiki - fa'idodin da suka kasance masu mahimmanci koda kuwa jiragen sama na zamani suna inganta. A Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya, misali, ma'aikata na iya samun firiji da tanda, duk da haka, kayan abinci da aka busar da su da daskarewa har yanzu suna cikin jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa saboda amincinsu da ingancinsu.[1]
Shirye-shiryen ruwan sanyi:NASA ta tsara burin abinci ya sake hadewa a cikin ruwa mai zafin digiri 80 na Fahrenheit (27°C) cikin mintuna 10; ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa musamman sun sami cikakken ruwa a cikin mintuna 5.[1]
Yadda Busar da Daskare ke Aiki
Ana daskare abincin (kimanin −40°F), a sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai natsuwa, sannan a ɗumama shi a hankali don haka ƙanƙara ta tsallake matakin ruwa ta koma tururi kai tsaye (sublimation). Ana cire tururin ruwa kuma zagayowar ta maimaita sau da yawa har sai samfurin ya bushe. Zagayen da aka saba yi suna ɗaukar kimanin awanni 8-24 kuma suna iya cire fiye da kashi 99% na ruwan asali.[1]
Abinci Mai Gina Jiki, Tsarin Halitta, da Ɗanɗano
Saboda daskarewa yana taimakawa tsarin abincin yayin bushewa, abubuwan da aka sake yin amfani da su na iya kiyaye laushi da ɗanɗano mai kyau. Idan aka kwatanta da bushewar abinci na yau da kullun, wanda yawanci ke cire ~92–96% na danshi, cirewar bushewar abinci daga daskarewa yana haifar da fakiti mai sauƙi, sake yin ruwa cikin sauri, da kuma adana ma'adanai da sauran abubuwan gina jiki mafi kyau.[1]
Bayanin Al'adu: Gaskiya Game da "Ice Cream na 'Yan Samari"
Shahararren ice cream ɗin da aka busar da shi ya fara ne a matsayin sabon abu da jama'a suka gani a shekarar 1973 wanda aka haɗa shi da Cibiyar Baƙi ta Ames. Ya yi amfani da ci gaban da aka samu ta hanyar sararin samaniya amma ba kamar yadda aka saba gani ba a cikin 'yan sama jannati. Duk da haka, labarin ya taimaka wajen yaɗa abubuwan ciye-ciye da aka busar da su ga masu zuwa gidan tarihi da kuma masu sha'awar waje.[1]
Me ke Gaba
Idan aka yi la'akari da gaba, bincike ya mayar da hankali kan busar da bayanai masu kyau don samun isasshen ruwa, kwanciyar hankali ga ƙananan sinadarai masu gina jiki, da kuma jerin abinci na musamman. Manufar ita ce: mafi yawan abinci mai gina jiki da kwarin gwiwa, mafi ƙarancin taro da ɓarna.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai
Me ya sa abincin da aka busar da shi ya zama abin sha'awa ga tashi sama da sararin samaniya da wuri?
Sun dace da taƙaitaccen bayani: an daidaita shi a yanayin zafi na ɗaki, mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin shiryawa, kuma mai sauƙin amfani da ruwa ko kayan aiki kaɗan—sun dace da ayyukan microgravity.
Ta yaya busar da daskare-daskare ya bambanta da busar da ruwa na gargajiya?
Rashin ruwa yana cire kashi 92-96% na ruwa; bushewar daskararre yana cire kashi 99% na ruwa. Sakamakon shine rage nauyin da ke kan mutum, sake farfaɗo da ruwa cikin sauri, da kuma kiyaye abubuwan gina jiki mafi kyau.
Shin da gaske 'yan sama jannati suna cin ice cream da aka busar da shi?
A'a—ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1973 a matsayin wani sabon abu a gidan tarihi wanda aka haɗa shi da Cibiyar Baƙi ta Ames ta NASA maimakon a matsayin abincin sararin samaniya na yau da kullun.
Me tsarin ya ƙunsa?
A daskare zuwa kusan −40°F, a shafa injin tsotsar ruwa, a ƙara zafi mai laushi don ƙanƙara ta koma tururi, a maimaita zagayowar har sai ruwa ya ƙare (yawanci sama da awanni 8-24).
Shin ma'aikata za su iya sake shayar da abinci da ruwan sanyi?
Eh. NASA ta auna ruwa a ~80°F (27°C) da tazarar minti 10; takamaiman sinadaran kamar gravies sun kai ~ minti 5.
Nassoshi
- NASA (2020).Abincin Daskare Mai Busasshe Yana Ciyar da Masu Kasada da Tunani. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-12-2025
