Iziqondiso ezintsha zokuthobela imithetho zoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE), ezichazwa ngokuthi “indinganiso enkulu kunazo zonke yokonga amandla emlandweni,” zizoba nomthelela ngokusemthethweni embonini yokushisa nokupholisa yezentengiselwano.
Izindinganiso ezintsha, ezamenyezelwa ngo-2015, zihlelelwe ukuqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2018 futhi zizoshintsha indlela abakhiqizi abaklama ngayo ama-air conditioner ophahleni, amaphampu okushisa kanye nomoya ofudumele wezakhiwo "eziphansi". njengezitolo zokuthengisa, izikhungo zemfundo kanye nezibhedlela ezisezingeni eliphakathi.
Kungani? Inhloso yale nqubo entsha ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-RTU nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuchitha. Kulindeleke ukuthi lezi zinguquko zizosindisa abanikazi bezindawo imali eningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—kodwa-ke, imiyalelo ka-2018 iletha izinselelo ezithile kubabambiqhaza embonini ye-HVAC.
Ake sibheke ezinye zezindawo lapho imboni ye-HVAC izozwa khona umthelela wezinguquko:
Amakhodi/isakhiwo sezakhiwo – Osonkontileka bezakhiwo kuzodingeka balungise amapulani ezitezi kanye namamodeli ezakhiwo ukuze bahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezintsha.
Amakhodi azohluka ngezifundazwe – Indawo, isimo sezulu, imithetho yamanje, kanye nendawo yonke kuzothinta indlela izifundazwe ngasinye ezisebenzisa ngayo la makhodi.
Ukwehla kokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokwehla kwe-carbon footprint - I-DOE ilinganisela ukuthi amazinga azonciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-carbon ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-885.
Abanikazi bezakhiwo kumele bathuthukise – Izindleko zangaphambilini zizoncishiswa ngo-$3,700 ekongeni nge-RTU ngayinye uma umnikazi eshintsha noma elungisa imishini emidala.
Amamodeli amasha angase angafani - Intuthuko ekusebenziseni kahle amandla izoholela ekwakhiweni okusha kuma-RTU.
Ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwabakhi/abasabalalisi be-HVAC – Abakhi nabasabalalisi bangalindela ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-45 kokuthengiswa ngokulungiswa kabusha noma ukusebenzisa ama-RTU amasha ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano.
Imboni, ngokumangalisayo, iyathuthuka. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani.
Uhlelo Lwezigaba Ezimbili Lwabakhi Be-HVAC
I-DOE izokhipha amazinga amasha ngezigaba ezimbili. Isigaba Sokuqala sigxile ekwandeni kokusebenzisa kahle amandla kuzo zonke i-RTUs ezipholile ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2018. Isigaba Sesibili, esihlelelwe u-2023, sizokwenyusa ukwanda kufike kumaphesenti angama-30 futhi sihlanganise nezitofu zomoya ofudumele.
I-DOE ilinganisela ukuthi ukukhulisa izinga lokusebenza kahle kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokushisa nokupholisa kwezentengiselwano ngama-1.7 trillion kWh eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Ukwehla okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzobuyisela phakathi kuka-$4,200 kuya ku-$10,000 emaphaketheni omnikazi wesakhiwo ojwayelekile esikhathini sokuphila okulindelekile se-air conditioner ejwayelekile esophahleni.
“Leli zinga elithile laxoxiswana nababambiqhaza abafanele, okuhlanganisa abakhiqizi bama-air conditioner ebhizinisi, izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni, izinhlangano zezinsiza kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzayo ukuze kuphothulwe leli zinga,” kusho uKatie Arberg, wezokuxhumana ze-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), etshela abezindaba.
Ochwepheshe be-HVAC Bamatasa Ukuze Bahambisane Nezinguquko
Labo abangase babanjwe kakhulu yimithetho emisha bengalindele yizinkontileka ze-HVAC kanye nochwepheshe abasebenza kanzima abazofaka futhi banakekele imishini emisha ye-HVAC. Nakuba kuhlale kungumthwalo wemfanelo wochwepheshe we-HVAC ukuhlala usesikhathini ngentuthuko kanye nezitayela zemboni, abakhiqizi kuzodingeka bachithe isikhathi bechaza amazinga e-DOE nokuthi athinta kanjani umsebenzi ensimini.
“Nakuba sidumisa umzamo wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, siyaqonda nokuthi kuzoba nokukhathazeka okuvela kubanikazi bezindawo zebhizinisi mayelana nomyalo omusha,” kusho uCarl Godwin, umphathi we-HVAC yezentengiselwano eCroppMetcalfe. “Besilokhu sixhumana kakhulu nabakhiqizi be-HVAC yezentengiselwano futhi sithathe isikhathi eside ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe bethu bezinkanyezi ezinhlanu ngezindinganiso nemikhuba emisha ezosetshenziswa ngoJanuwari 1. Siyakwamukela abanikazi bezindawo zebhizinisi ukuthi basithinte uma unemibuzo.”
Kulindeleke Amayunithi Amasha E-HVAC Ophahleni
Imithethonqubo iyashintsha indlela ubuchwepheshe be-HVAC obakhiwe ngayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo zokusebenza kahle ezithuthukisiwe. Njengoba kusele izinyanga ezimbili kuphela, ingabe abakhiqizi bokushisa nokupholisa sebekulungele amazinga azayo?
Impendulo inguyebo. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bokushisa nokupholisa bamukele izinguquko.
“Singakha inani ngokwale migqa yezitayela njengengxenye yomsebenzi wethu wokuthobela le mithetho,” kusho uJeff Moe, umholi webhizinisi lomkhiqizo, ibhizinisi elihlangene, eNyakatho Melika, uTrane etshela i-ACHR News. “Enye yezinto esizibhekile yigama elithi 'Ngaphandle Kokuthobela Imithetho.' Isibonelo, sizobheka ubuncane obusha bokusebenzisa amandla ngo-2018, sishintshe imikhiqizo ekhona, futhi sandise ukusebenza kwayo kahle, ukuze ihambisane nemithetho emisha. Sizophinde sifake izinguquko ezengeziwe zomkhiqizo ezindaweni ezithandwa ngamakhasimende ngokwezitayela ukuze sinikeze inani elingaphezu kokwanda kokusebenza kahle.”
Onjiniyela be-HVAC nabo bathathe izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuhlangabezana neziqondiso ze-DOE, beqaphela ukuthi kumele babe nokuqonda okucacile kokuhambisana nemiyalelo emisha futhi bakhe imiklamo emisha yomkhiqizo ukuze bahlangabezane noma badlule zonke izindinganiso ezintsha.
Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu, Izindleko Zokusebenza Eziphansi
Inselele enkulu kubakhiqizi ukuklama ama-RTU ahlangabezana nezidingo ezintsha ngaphandle kokuthola izindleko eziphakeme kusengaphambili. Izinhlelo ze-Higher Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER) zizodinga izindawo ezinkulu zokushintshanisa ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-scroll modulated kanye ne-variable speed scroll compressor kanye nokulungiswa kwesivinini samafeni kuma-blower motors.
“Noma nini lapho kunezinguquko ezinkulu zomthetho, ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngabakhiqizi, njengoRheem, ukuthi umkhiqizo udinga ukwakhiwa kabusha kanjani,” kusho uKaren Meyers, iphini likamongameli, izindaba zikahulumeni, uRheem Mfg. Co., engxoxweni ekuqaleni kwalonyaka. “Izinguquko eziphakanyisiwe zizosetshenziswa kanjani ensimini, ingabe umkhiqizo uzohlala uyigugu elihle kumsebenzisi wokugcina, nokuthi yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa okudingeka kwenzeke kosonkontileka nabafaki.”
Ukukuchaza
I-DOE igxile kakhulu ku-IEER lapho ihlola ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Isilinganiso Sokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla Sesizini (i-SEER) silinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla komshini ngokusekelwe ezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo kakhulu zonyaka, kuyilapho i-IEER ihlola ukusebenza kahle komshini ngokusekelwe endleleni osebenza ngayo phakathi nesizini yonke. Lokhu kusiza i-DOE ukuthola ukufundwa okunembile kakhulu nokulebula iyunithi enesilinganiso esinembile kakhudlwana.
Izinga elisha lokuvumelana kufanele lisize abakhiqizi ukuklama amayunithi e-HVAC azohlangabezana nezindinganiso ezintsha.
“Enye yezinto ezidingekayo ukuze ulungiselele u-2018 ukulungiselela ushintsho lwe-DOE lwesilinganiso sokusebenza sibe yi-IEER, okuzodinga ukufundiswa kumakhasimende ngalolo shintsho nokuthi lokho kuzosho ukuthini,” kusho uDarren Sheehan, umqondisi wemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano elula, iDaikin North America LLC, etshela intatheli uSamantha Sine. “Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalandeli bokuphakelwa kwangaphakathi kanye nokucindezelwa kwamandla aguquguqukayo kungasebenza.”
I-American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) nayo ilungisa amazinga ayo ngokwemithethonqubo emisha ye-DOE. Izinguquko zokugcina ku-ASHRAE zenzeke ngo-2015.
Nakuba kungacaci kahle ukuthi izindinganiso zizobukeka kanjani, ochwepheshe benza lezi zibikezelo:
Amayunithi okupholisa aneziteji ezimbili angama-65,000 BTU/h noma ngaphezulu
Izigaba ezimbili zokupholisa ngomshini kumayunithi angu-65,000 BTU/h noma ngaphezulu
Amayunithi e-VAV angadingeka ukuthi abe nezigaba ezintathu zokupholisa ngomshini kusukela ku-65,000 BTU/h-240,000 BTU/h
Amayunithi e-VAV angadingeka ukuthi abe nezigaba ezine zokupholisa ngomshini kumayunithi angaphezu kuka-240,000 BTU/s
Zombili imithethonqubo ye-DOE kanye ne-ASHRAE izohluka kuye ngesifundazwe. Ochwepheshe be-HVAC abafuna ukuhlala benolwazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso ezintsha esifundazweni sabo bangavakashela i-energycodes.gov/compliance.
Imithethonqubo Yeziqandisi Ezintsha Zokufakwa Kwe-HVAC Yezentengiselwano
Iziqondiso ze-DOE HVAC zizofaka phakathi nemingcele ebekiwe yokusetshenziswa kwefriji e-US ehlobene nesitifiketi se-HVAC. Ukusetshenziswa kwemboni kwama-hydrofluorocarbons (ama-HFC) kwaqedwa ngo-2017 ngenxa yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuyingozi. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, isibonelelo sokuthenga se-DOE limited ozone-depleting substance (ODS) kubabuyi bezinto noma ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwe-ODS kwakuhlanganisa ama-hydrochlorofluorocarbons (ama-HCFC), ama-chlorofluorocarbons (ama-CFC) kanye nama-HFCs manje.
Yini entsha ngo-2018? Ochwepheshe abafuna ukuthola ama-refrigerant ahlukaniswe nge-ODS kuzodingeka babe nesitifiketi se-HVAC esinobungcweti ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ODS. Isitifiketi sihle iminyaka emithathu. Imithethonqubo ye-DOE izodinga ukuthi bonke ochwepheshe abaphatha izinto ze-ODS bagcine amarekhodi okulahlwa kwe-ODS esetshenziswa emishinini enamakhilogremu amahlanu noma ngaphezulu e-refrigerant.
Amarekhodi kumele afake ulwazi olulandelayo:
Uhlobo lwesiqandisi
Indawo kanye nosuku lokulahla
Inani le-refrigerant esetshenzisiwe ekhishwe kuyunithi ye-HVAC
Igama lomuntu othola ukudluliselwa kwesiqandisi
Ezinye izinguquko ezintsha ezindinganisweni ze-HVAC refrigerant nazo zizokwehla ngo-2019. Ochwepheshe bangalindela ithebula elisha lezinga lokuvuza kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwekota noma konyaka kuyo yonke imishini okudinga ukubuyekezwa kwamaphesenti angu-30 efrijini yezinqubo zezimboni kusetshenziswa amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-500 esiqandisi, ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamaphesenti angu-20 kwesiqandisi sezentengiselwano sisebenzisa amakhilogremu angu-50-500 esiqandisi kanye nokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamaphesenti ayi-10 kokupholisa okunethezekile ezakhiweni zehhovisi nezindawo zokuhlala.
Izinguquko ze-HVAC Zizobathinta Kanjani Abathengi?
Ngokwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-HVAC ezisebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo kuzothumela amagagasi okushaqeka kuyo yonke imboni yokushisa nokupholisa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi kanye nabanini bezindlu bazozuza ezindinganisweni eziqinile ze-DOE eminyakeni engama-30 ezayo.
Lokho abasabalalisi be-HVAC, osonkontileka kanye nabathengi abafuna ukukwazi ukuthi izinguquko zizothinta kanjani izindleko zomkhiqizo wokuqala kanye nokufakwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha ze-HVAC. Ukusebenza kahle akubizi kakhulu. Igagasi lokuqala lobuchwepheshe cishe lizoletha amanani aphezulu.
Noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi be-HVAC basanethemba lokuthi izinhlelo ezintsha zizobonakala njengokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlakaniphile ngoba zizohlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi esifushane neside zabanikazi bamabhizinisi.
“Siyaqhubeka nokuba nengxoxo ngemithethonqubo yokusebenza kahle kophahla lwe-DOE ka-2018 no-2023 ezothinta imboni yethu,” kusho uDavid Hules, umqondisi wezokumaketha, umoya opholile wezohwebo, i-Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. ngoJanuwari odlule. “Ngokukhethekile, besikhuluma namakhasimende ethu ukuze siqonde izidingo zawo nokuthi izixazululo zethu zokushintshashintsha, okuhlanganisa nezixazululo zethu zokucindezela ezinezigaba ezimbili, zingabasiza kanjani ukuthi bafinyelele ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngezinzuzo ezithuthukisiwe zenduduzo.”
Kube yisinyathelo esinzima kubakhiqizi ukulungisa ngokuphelele amayunithi abo ukuze ahlangabezane namazinga amasha okusebenza kahle, yize abaningi besebenza kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi benza kanjalo ngesikhathi.
“Umthelela omkhulu ukhona kubakhiqizi okumele baqinisekise ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana namazinga okusebenza kahle aphansi,” kusho uMichael Deru, umphathi wobunjiniyela, iNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). “Umthelela omkhulu olandelayo uzoba kumasevisi ngoba kufanele balungise izinhlelo zabo kanye nezibalo zokonga. Kuba nzima kubo ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezintsha zokusebenza kahle nokukhombisa ukonga lapho izinga lokusebenza kahle liqhubeka likhuphuka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-17-2019
