Ka pā mana ngā aratohu hanganga ture hou a te Tari Pūngao o Amerika (DOE), e whakaahuatia ana ko te "paerewa penapena pūngao nui rawa atu i roto i te hītori," ki te umanga whakamahana me te whakamatao arumoni.
Ko ngā paerewa hou, i panuitia i te tau 2015, kua whakaritea kia whai mana i te 1 o Hānuere, 2018, ā, ka huri i te huarahi e hangaia ai e ngā kaihanga ngā hauhautanga o te tuanui arumoni, ngā papu wera me te hau mahana mō ngā whare "iti te teitei". pērā i ngā toa hokohoko, ngā whare mātauranga me ngā hōhipera taumata-waenga.
He aha ai? Ko te whāinga o te paerewa hou he whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te RTU me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao me te para. E matapaetia ana ka penapenahia e ēnei huringa he nui te moni a ngā kaipupuri whenua i te wā roa—engari, ko te tikanga, he wero kei roto i ngā ture o te tau 2018 mō ngā kaipupuri moni puta noa i te umanga HVAC.
Me titiro tātou ki ētahi o ngā wāhi ka pāngia te umanga HVAC e ngā panonitanga:
Ngā ture/hanganga hanga – Me whakarerekē e ngā kaihanga whare ngā mahere papa me ngā tauira hanganga kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa hou.
Ka rerekē ngā waehere i ia kawanatanga, i ia kawanatanga – Ka pā te whenua, te āhuarangi, ngā ture o nāianei, me te whenua ki te huarahi e whakaaetia ai e ia kawanatanga ngā waehere.
Te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me te tapuwae waro – E ai ki te whakatau a te Tari Whakahaere o te Ao (DOE) ka whakaitihia e ngā paerewa te parahanga waro mā te 885 miriona tāne metrika.
Me whakapai ake ngā kaipupuri whare – Ka whakaitihia ngā utu o mua mā te $3,700 i roto i ngā penapena mō ia RTU ina whakakapia, ina tāuta rānei e te kaipupuri ngā taputapu tawhito.
Kāore pea ngā tauira hou e rite te āhua – Mā ngā whanaketanga o te whai huatanga o te pūngao ka puta he hoahoa hou mō ngā RTU.
Te pikinga ake o ngā hoko mō ngā kaimahi kirimana/kaituku HVAC – Ka taea e ngā kaimahi kirimana me ngā kaituku te tumanako ka piki ake ngā hoko mā te 45 ōrau mā te whakahou, te whakatinana rānei i ngā RTU hou ki ngā whare arumoni.
Kei te piki haere te ahumahi, he mea whakamihi tēnei. Kia kite tātou me pēhea.
He Pūnaha Wāhanga-Rua mō ngā Kaimahi HVAC
Ka tukuna e te Tari Whakahaere o te Whenua ngā paerewa hou i roto i ngā wāhanga e rua. Ko te Wāhanga Tuatahi e arotahi ana ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te pūngao i roto i ngā RTU hauhautanga katoa mā te 10 ōrau mai i te 1 o Hānuere, 2018. Ko te Wāhanga Tuarua, kua whakaritea mō te tau 2023, ka whakapiki ake i ngā pikinga ki te 30 ōrau, ā, ka uru atu hoki ngā oumu hau mahana.
E ai ki te whakatau a te Tari Whakahaere Hauora (DOE), mā te whakapiki ake i te pae mō te whai huatanga ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te whakamahana me te whakamatao arumoni mā te 1.7 trillion kWh i roto i ngā tekau tau e toru e whai ake nei. Mā te whakaiti nui i te whakamahinga pūngao ka hoki mai te $4,200 ki te $10,000 ki ngā pute toharite a te rangatira whare mō te roanga o te oranga e tumanakohia ana o te hauhautanga tuanui paerewa.
"I whiriwhiria tēnei paerewa me ngā kaipupuri moni e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā kaihanga o ngā hauhautanga arumoni, ngā whakahaere ahumahi nui, ngā ratonga, me ngā whakahaere whai huatanga hei whakaoti i tēnei paerewa," te kōrero a Katie Arberg, te Tari Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero mō te Pūngao Whai Hua me te Pūngao Whakahou (EERE), ki te hunga pāpāho.
Ka tere te mahi a ngā tohunga HVAC ki te whai i ngā panonitanga
Ko te hunga ka tino pāngia e ngā ture hou ko ngā kaimahi HVAC me ngā tohunga mahi uaua e tāuta ana, e tiaki ana hoki i ngā taputapu HVAC hou. Ahakoa he kawenga tonu mā te tohunga HVAC te whai i ngā whanaketanga me ngā au o te ahumahi, me whakapau wā ngā kaihanga ki te whakamārama i ngā paerewa a te DOE me pēhea te pānga ki te mahi i te mara.
"Ahakoa e mihi ana mātou ki te mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, e mārama ana hoki mātou ka puta he āwangawanga mai i ngā kaipupuri whenua arumoni mō te ture hou," te kī a Carl Godwin, te kaiwhakahaere HVAC arumoni i CroppMetcalfe. "Kua tata mātou ki te whakapā atu ki ngā kaihanga HVAC arumoni, ā, kua roa te wā i pau ki te whakangungu i ā mātou tohunga hangarau rima-whetu mō ngā paerewa me ngā mahi hou ka whakatinanahia i te 1 o Hānuere. E mihi ana mātou ki ngā kaipupuri whenua arumoni kia whakapā mai ki a mātou mēnā he pātai āu."
E tumanakohia ana kia hangaia he HVAC hou i runga i te tuanui
Kei te whakarerekē ngā ture i te huarahi e hangaia ai te hangarau HVAC hei whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia whai hua kua whakapaitia. E rua marama noa iho e toe ana, kua rite rānei ngā kaihanga whakamahana me te whakamatao mō ngā paerewa e haere ake nei?
Āe te whakautu. Kua awhi ngā kaihanga whakamahana me te whakamatao nui i ngā panonitanga.
"Ka taea e tātou te hanga uara i runga i ēnei rārangi au hei wāhanga o tā tātou mahi ki te whakatutuki i ēnei ture," te kōrero a Jeff Moe, te kaiārahi pakihi hua, pakihi kotahi, Amerika Te Raki, ki a ACHR News. "Ko tētahi o ngā mea i tirohia e mātou ko te kupu 'I tua atu i te Whakatutukitanga.' Hei tauira, ka tirohia e mātou ngā taumata iti rawa o te whai huatanga pūngao o te tau 2018, ka whakarerekē i ngā hua o nāianei, ka whakanui ake i ō rātou whai huatanga, kia tutuki ai ki ngā ture hou. Ka whakaurua hoki e mātou ētahi atu huringa hua ki ngā wāhanga e pārekareka ana ki ngā kiritaki i runga i ngā au hei whakarato uara ki runga ake i ngā pikinga whai huatanga."
Kua mahi hoki ngā miihini HVAC i ngā mahi nui hei whakatutuki i ngā aratohu a te DOE, me te mōhio me mārama rātou ki te tutuki i ngā ture hou, me te waihanga i ngā hoahoa hua hou hei whakatutuki, hei hipa rānei i ngā paerewa hou katoa.
Te Utu Tīmatanga Teitei, Te Utu Whakahaere Teitei
Ko te wero nui ki ngā kaihanga ko te hoahoa i ngā RTU e tutuki ai ngā tono hou, me te kore e nui ake ngā utu i te tīmatanga. Ko ngā pūnaha IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) teitei ake ka hiahia kia nui ake ngā mata whakawhiti wera, kia nui ake te whakamahinga o te pūwero hurihuri me te tere rerekē, me ngā whakatikatika i ngā tere pā i runga i ngā motuka pupuhi.
"Ina puta he huringa nui ki ngā ture, ko ngā āwangawanga nui mō ngā kaihanga, pērā i a Rheem, ko te pēhea te hanga anō i te hua," te kī a Karen Meyers, te tumuaki tuarua, ngā take kāwanatanga, Rheem Mfg. Co., i roto i tētahi uiuinga i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau. "Me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā huringa kua whakaarohia i te mara, ka noho tonu te hua hei uara pai mō te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga, me ngā whakangungu e tika ana kia puta mō ngā kaimahi kirimana me ngā kaiwhakauru."
Te Wāwāhi i te Mea
Kua arotahi te Tari Whakahaere Pūngao ki te IEER i te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Ka aromatawaihia e te Ōwehenga Whai Huatanga o te Pūngao o te Wā (SEER) te mahi a te mīhini i runga i ngā rā tino wera, tino makariri rānei o te tau, ko te IEER ia ka aromatawaihia te whai huatanga o te mīhini i runga i tana mahi i te wā katoa. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te Tari Whakahaere Pūngao ki te tiki i tētahi pānui tika ake, me te tapanga i tētahi waeine me tētahi whakatauranga tika ake.
Mā te taumata hou o te ōritetanga ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te hoahoa i ngā waeine HVAC e tutuki ai ngā paerewa hou.
"Ko tētahi o ngā mea e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite mō te tau 2018 ko te whakarite mō te whakarerekētanga a te DOE i te inenga mahi ki te IEER, e hiahiatia ana te whakaakoranga ki ngā kiritaki mō taua whakarerekētanga me te tikanga o tēnā," te kōrero a Darren Sheehan, te kaiwhakahaere o ngā hua arumoni māmā, Daikin North America LLC, ki te kairīpoata a Samantha Sine. "Mai i te tirohanga hangarau, ka whai wāhi pea ngā momo pā hau o roto me te pēhanga kaha rerekē."
Kei te whakarerekē anō hoki te American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) i ana paerewa kia rite ki ngā ture hou a te DOE. Ko ngā huringa whakamutunga ki ASHRAE i puta i te tau 2015.
Ahakoa kāore i te tino mārama te āhua o ngā paerewa, kei te whakaputa ngā tohunga i ēnei matapae:
Pā hau rua-wāhanga i runga i ngā waeine whakamatao 65,000 BTU/h, nui ake rānei
E rua ngā wāhanga o te whakamatao ā-ringa i runga i ngā waeine 65,000 BTU/h, nui ake rānei
Me toru pea ngā wāhanga whakamatao ā-ringa o ngā waeine VAV mai i te 65,000 BTU/h ki te 240,000 BTU/h
Me whai wāhanga whakamatao ā-mīhini e whā pea ngā waeine VAV mō ngā waeine neke atu i te 240,000 BTU/s
Ka rerekē ngā ture a te DOE me te ASHRAE i ia kawanatanga, i ia kawanatanga. Ka taea e ngā tohunga HVAC e hiahia ana kia mōhio tonu ki ngā whanaketanga o ngā paerewa hou i roto i tō rātou kawanatanga te toro atu ki te energycodes.gov/compliance.
Ngā Ture Hou mō te Tāutanga HVAC Arumoni mō te Whakamahana
Ka whakaurua hoki ki ngā tohutohu HVAC a te DOE ngā tawhā kua whakatakotoria mō te whakamahinga o ngā hauhautanga i te US e pā ana ki te tiwhikete HVAC. I whakamutua te whakamahinga ahumahi o ngā hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) i te tau 2017 nā te mea he kino ngā tukunga waro. I te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, i whakawhāitihia e te DOE te whakaaetanga hoko matū whakangaro-ozone (ODS) ki ngā kaiwhakaora me ngā tohunga hangarau whaimana. Ko ngā whakamahinga iti o te ODS ko ngā hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ngā chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) me ngā HFCs ināianei.
He aha ngā mea hou i te tau 2018? Me whiwhi ngā tohunga hangarau e hiahia ana ki te whiwhi i ngā hauhautanga kua whakarōpūtia ki te ODS i te tiwhikete HVAC me te tohungatanga ki te whakamahi i te ODS. E toru tau te roa o te tiwhikete. E hiahiatia ana e ngā ture a te DOE kia pupuri ngā tohunga hangarau katoa e whakahaere ana i ngā matū ODS i ngā rekoata whakakorenga o te ODS e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu me te rima pauna neke atu rānei o te hauhautanga.
Me whakauru ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei ki ngā tuhinga:
Momo pouaka whakamatao
Te wāhi me te rā i tukuna ai
Te nui o te hauhautanga kua whakamahia i tangohia mai i tētahi waeine HVAC
Ingoa o te kaiwhiwhi o te whakawhiti hauhautanga
Ka heke iho hoki ētahi panonitanga hou ki ngā paerewa hauhautanga o te pūnaha HVAC i te tau 2019. Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te tumanako kia puta he ripanga rerenga turuturu hou me te tirotiro turuturu ā-hauwhā, ā-tau rānei i roto i ngā taputapu katoa e hiahia ana kia arotakehia te 30 ōrau mō te hauhautanga tukanga ahumahi e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te 500 pauna o te hauhautanga, he tirotiro ā-tau o te 20 ōrau mō te hauhautanga arumoni e whakamahi ana i te 50-500 pauna o te hauhautanga me te tirotiro ā-tau o te 10 ōrau mō te whakamatao whakamarie i roto i ngā whare tari me ngā whare noho.
He aha te pānga o ngā panonitanga HVAC ki ngā kaihoko?
He mea noa, ka pāngia te umanga whakamahana me te whakamatao e ngā whakahoutanga o ngā pūnaha HVAC penapena-pūngao katoa. Mō te wā roa, ka whai hua ngā rangatira pakihi me ngā kaipupuri whare i ngā paerewa pakari a te Tari Whakahaere Whare mō ngā tau 30 e whai ake nei.
Ko tā ngā kaituku HVAC, ngā kaimahi kirimana me ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia mōhio, ko te pānga o ngā panonitanga ki te hua tuatahi me ngā utu tāutanga o ngā pūnaha HVAC hou. Kāore e iti te whai huatanga. Tērā pea ka nui ake ngā utu i te ngaru tuatahi o te hangarau.
Heoi anō, kei te tino harikoa tonu ngā kaihanga HVAC ka kitea ngā pūnaha hou hei haumitanga atamai nā te mea ka tutuki i a rātou ngā hiahia poto me ngā hiahia roa o ngā rangatira pakihi.
"Kei te kōrero tonu mātou mō ngā ture whai hua o te tuanui o te DOE mō te tau 2018 me te 2023 ka pā ki tā mātou umanga," te kī a David Hules, te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko, te hauhautanga arumoni, Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. i te marama o Hānuere kua taha ake nei. "Ina koa, kua kōrero mātou ki ā mātou kiritaki kia mārama ai ki ō rātou hiahia me te pēhea e taea ai e ā mātou otinga whakarerekētanga, tae atu ki ā mātou otinga kōpeketanga e rua-wāhanga, te āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatutuki i ngā whai huatanga teitei ake me ngā painga whakamarie kua whakarei ake."
He mahi nui tēnei mā ngā kaihanga ki te whakahou katoa i ā rātou waeine kia tutuki ai ngā taumata whai huatanga hou, ahakoa he tokomaha kei te kaha te mahi kia oti ai i te wā tika.
"Ko te pānga nui rawa atu kei runga i ngā kaihanga, me whakarite kia tutuki i ā rātou hua katoa ngā taumata whai hua iti rawa," te kī a Michael Deru, te kaiwhakahaere hangarau, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). "Ko te pānga nui e whai ake nei kei runga i ngā ratonga hiko nā te mea me whakarerekē e rātou ā rātou kaupapa me ngā tātaitanga penapena. Ka uaua ake mā rātou te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa whai hua hou me te whakaatu i ngā penapena ina piki haere tonu te pae whai hua iti rawa."
Wā tuku: 17 Paenga-whāwhā 2019
