Malangizo atsopano otsatira malamulo a US Department of Energy (DOE), omwe amafotokozedwa kuti ndi "muyezo waukulu kwambiri wosunga mphamvu m'mbiri," adzakhudza mwalamulo makampani opanga kutentha ndi kuziziritsa magetsi.
Miyezo yatsopanoyi, yomwe idalengezedwa mu 2015, ikukonzekera kuyamba kugwira ntchito pa Januwale 1, 2018 ndipo isintha momwe opanga amapangira ma air conditioner a padenga, mapampu otenthetsera ndi mpweya wofunda m'nyumba "zotsika mtengo", monga masitolo ogulitsa, malo ophunzirira ndi zipatala zapakati.
Chifukwa chiyani? Cholinga cha muyezo watsopanowu ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito a RTU ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuwononga. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kusinthaku kudzapulumutsa eni nyumba ndalama zambiri mtsogolomu—koma, ndithudi, malamulo a 2018 akupereka zovuta zina kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi makampani onse a HVAC.
Tiyeni tiwone madera ena omwe makampani a HVAC adzakhudzidwa ndi kusinthaku:
Malamulo/kapangidwe ka nyumba - Omanga nyumba adzafunika kusintha mapulani a pansi ndi mitundu ya nyumba kuti akwaniritse miyezo yatsopano.
Ma code adzasiyana m'boma lililonse - Malo, nyengo, malamulo omwe alipo, ndi malo onsewa zidzakhudza momwe boma lililonse limagwiritsira ntchito ma codewo.
Kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa - Bungwe la DOE likuyerekeza kuti miyezoyi idzachepetsa kuipitsa mpweya ndi matani 885 miliyoni.
Eni nyumba ayenera kukweza - Ndalama zomwe zimafunika pasadakhale zidzachepetsedwa ndi ndalama zokwana $3,700 pa RTU iliyonse pamene mwini nyumbayo asintha kapena kukonzanso zida zakale.
Mitundu yatsopano siingawonekere mofanana - Kupita patsogolo kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera kudzabweretsa mapangidwe atsopano mu ma RTU.
Kuwonjezeka kwa malonda kwa makontrakitala/ogawa a HVAC - Kontrakitala ndi ogulitsa akhoza kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka kwa 45 peresenti kwa malonda mwa kukonzanso kapena kukhazikitsa ma RTU atsopano pa nyumba zamalonda.
Makampani, moyamikira, akukwera kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone momwe angachitire.
Dongosolo la Magawo Awiri la Opanga Ma HVAC
Bungwe la DOE lipereka miyezo yatsopanoyi m'magawo awiri. Gawo Loyamba likuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu m'ma RTU onse oziziritsa mpweya ndi 10 peresenti kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2018. Gawo Lachiwiri, lomwe lakonzedwa kuti lichitike mu 2023, lidzakweza kukwera kwa magetsi kufika pa 30 peresenti ndipo lidzaphatikizaponso uvuni wofunda.
Bungwe la DOE likuyerekeza kuti kukweza mphamvu pa ntchito kudzachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa m'makampani ndi 1.7 thililiyoni kWh m'zaka makumi atatu zikubwerazi. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kudzabwezeretsa pakati pa $4,200 ndi $10,000 m'matumba a mwini nyumba wamba pa nthawi yomwe chipangizo choziziritsira cha padenga chimayembekezera.
"Muyezo uwu unakambidwa ndi okhudzidwa oyenerera, kuphatikizapo opanga ma air conditioner amalonda, mabungwe akuluakulu amakampani, mabungwe othandizira, ndi mabungwe othandiza kuti amalize muyezo uwu," Katie Arberg, wa kulumikizana kwa Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), DOE, adauza atolankhani.
Ma HVAC Abwino Akuchita Khama Kuti Apitirize Kusintha
Anthu omwe angagwidwe mosayembekezereka ndi malamulo atsopanowa ndi makontrakitala a HVAC ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito mwakhama omwe adzakhazikitsa ndikusamalira zida zatsopano za HVAC. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse ndi udindo wa katswiri wa HVAC kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zomwe zikuchitika m'makampani ndi zomwe zikuchitika, opanga adzafunika kuthera nthawi akufotokozera miyezo ya DOE ndi momwe imakhudzira ntchito m'munda.
“Ngakhale tikuyamikira khama lochepetsa mpweya woipa, tikumvetsanso kuti eni malo amalonda adzakhala ndi nkhawa ndi lamulo latsopanoli,” anatero Carl Godwin, manejala wa HVAC wamalonda ku CroppMetcalfe. “Takhala tikugwirizana kwambiri ndi opanga HVAC amalonda ndipo tatenga nthawi yayitali kuphunzitsa akatswiri athu a nyenyezi zisanu za miyezo ndi machitidwe atsopano omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Januware 1. Tikulandira eni malo amalonda kuti atilankhule ngati muli ndi mafunso.”
Magawo Atsopano a HVAC Padenga Akuyembekezeka
Malamulowa akusintha momwe ukadaulo wa HVAC umapangidwira kuti ukwaniritse zosowa izi zogwira ntchito bwino. Patsala miyezi iwiri yokha, kodi opanga kutentha ndi kuziziritsa ali okonzeka kutsatira miyezo yomwe ikubwera?
Yankho ndi inde. Opanga magetsi otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa akuluakulu avomereza kusinthaku.
“Tikhoza kumanga phindu motsatira njira izi monga gawo la ntchito yathu yotsatira malamulo awa,” adatero Jeff Moe, mtsogoleri wa bizinesi yazinthu, bizinesi yogwirizana, North America, Trane kwa ACHR News. “Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe tayang'ana ndi mawu akuti 'Kupitirira Kutsatira Malamulo.' Mwachitsanzo, tiwona zochepera zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera mu 2018, kusintha zinthu zomwe zilipo, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo, kuti zitsatire malamulo atsopano. Tidzaphatikizanso kusintha kwazinthu zina m'malo omwe makasitomala amakonda malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika kuti tipereke phindu loposa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito.”
Mainjiniya a HVAC atenganso njira zofunika kwambiri kuti akwaniritse malangizo a DOE, pozindikira kuti ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe malamulo atsopano amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikupanga mapangidwe atsopano azinthu kuti akwaniritse kapena kupitirira miyezo yonse yatsopano.
Mtengo Woyamba Wokwera, Mtengo Wotsika Wogwirira Ntchito
Vuto lalikulu kwa opanga ndi kupanga ma RTU omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zatsopano popanda kuwononga ndalama zambiri poyamba. Machitidwe a Higher Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER) adzafunika malo akuluakulu osinthira kutentha, kukweza scroll modulated ndi variable speed scroll compressor komanso kusintha liwiro la mafani pa ma blower motors.
“Nthawi iliyonse pakakhala kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo, nkhawa yaikulu kwa opanga, monga Rheem, ndi yakuti kodi chinthucho chiyenera kukonzedwanso bwanji,” adatero Karen Meyers, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, nkhani za boma, Rheem Mfg. Co., mu kuyankhulana koyambirira kwa chaka chino. “Kodi kusintha komwe kukuperekedwa kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji m'munda, kodi chinthucho chidzakhalabe ndi phindu labwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso maphunziro omwe ayenera kuchitika kwa makontrakitala ndi okhazikitsa.”
Kuimvetsa
Bungwe la DOE laika chidwi chake pa IEER poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Nyengo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera (SEER) imayesa momwe makina amagwirira ntchito potengera masiku otentha kwambiri kapena ozizira kwambiri pachaka, pomwe IEER imayesa momwe makina amagwirira ntchito potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito nyengo yonse. Izi zimathandiza DOE kupeza kuwerenga kolondola kwambiri ndikulemba chizindikiro pa chipangizo chokhala ndi chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri.
Mlingo watsopano wa kusinthasintha uyenera kuthandiza opanga kupanga mayunitsi a HVAC omwe angakwaniritse miyezo yatsopano.
"Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika pokonzekera chaka cha 2018 ndikukonzekera kusintha kwa DOE kwa chiŵerengero cha magwiridwe antchito kukhala IEER, komwe kudzafuna chidziwitso kwa makasitomala pa kusinthako ndi zomwe zidzatanthauze," Darren Sheehan, mkulu wa zinthu zamalonda zopepuka, Daikin North America LLC, adauza mtolankhani Samantha Sine. "Kutengera ndi ukadaulo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafani opangira zinthu zamkati ndi kupsinjika kwa mphamvu zosinthika zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito."
Bungwe la American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) likusinthanso miyezo yake malinga ndi malamulo atsopano a DOE. Kusintha komaliza kwa ASHRAE kudachitika mu 2015.
Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwino momwe miyezo idzawonekere, akatswiri akupanga maulosi awa:
Fani yoziziritsira ya magawo awiri yokhala ndi 65,000 BTU/h kapena kuposerapo
Magawo awiri a kuziziritsa kwa makina pa mayunitsi 65,000 BTU/h kapena kuposerapo
Mayunitsi a VAV angafunike kukhala ndi magawo atatu a kuziziritsa kwa makina kuyambira 65,000 BTU/h-240,000 BTU/h
Mayunitsi a VAV angafunike kukhala ndi magawo anayi a kuziziritsa kwa makina pa mayunitsi opitirira 240,000 BTU/s
Malamulo onse a DOE ndi ASHRAE amasiyana malinga ndi boma. Akatswiri a HVAC omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe miyezo yatsopano imagwirira ntchito m'boma lawo akhoza kupita ku energycodes.gov/compliance.
Malamulo Atsopano Okhazikitsa HVAC Yamalonda
Malangizo a DOE HVAC adzaphatikizaponso magawo omwe akhazikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mufiriji ku US okhudzana ndi satifiketi ya HVAC. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) m'mafakitale kunathetsedwa mu 2017 chifukwa cha mpweya woopsa wa kaboni. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, ndalama zogulira za DOE limited ozone-depleting substance (ODS) kwa obwezeretsanso kapena akatswiri ovomerezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ODS ochepa kunaphatikizapo ma hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ma chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ndipo tsopano ndi ma HFCs.
Chatsopano ndi chiyani mu 2018? Akatswiri ofuna kugula ma refrigerant olembedwa mu ODS ayenera kukhala ndi satifiketi ya HVAC yokhala ndi luso lapadera pakugwiritsa ntchito ODS. Satifiketi ndi yabwino kwa zaka zitatu. Malamulo a DOE adzafuna akatswiri onse ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu za ODS kuti asunge zolemba za kutaya kwa ODS zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipangizo zokhala ndi mapaundi asanu kapena kuposerapo a refrigerant.
Zolemba ziyenera kukhala ndi izi:
Mtundu wa firiji
Malo ndi tsiku lotayidwa
Kuchuluka kwa refrigerant yogwiritsidwa ntchito yochokera ku HVAC unit
Dzina la wolandira chosinthira cha firiji
Kusintha kwatsopano kwa miyezo ya HVAC refrigerant system kudzatsikanso mu 2019. Akatswiri amatha kuyembekezera tebulo latsopano la kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa madzi ndi kuwunika kotala kapena pachaka kwa kutayikira kwa madzi m'zida zonse zomwe zimafuna kuwunikanso kwa 30 peresenti pakuzizira kwa mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito ma 500 lbs a refrigerant, kuwunika kwa pachaka kwa 20 peresenti kwa choziziritsira chamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito ma 50-500 lbs a refrigerant ndi kuwunika kwa pachaka kwa 10 peresenti kuti kuziziritse bwino m'maofesi ndi m'nyumba zogona.
Kodi Kusintha kwa HVAC Kudzakhudza Bwanji Ogula?
Zachidziwikire, kusinthidwa kwa makina a HVAC osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kudzabweretsa mantha m'makampani onse otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, eni mabizinesi ndi eni nyumba adzapindula ndi miyezo yokhwima ya DOE pazaka 30 zikubwerazi.
Zimene ogulitsa ma HVAC, makontrakitala ndi ogula akufuna kudziwa ndi momwe kusinthaku kudzakhudzira mtengo woyambira wa zinthu ndi kukhazikitsa makina atsopano a HVAC. Kuchita bwino sikotsika mtengo. Njira yoyamba yaukadaulo ingapangitse kuti mitengo ikhale yokwera.
Komabe, opanga ma HVAC akukhulupirirabe kuti machitidwe atsopanowa adzaonedwa ngati ndalama zanzeru chifukwa adzakwaniritsa zosowa za eni mabizinesi kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali.
"Tikupitilizabe kukambirana za malamulo a 2018 ndi 2023 okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino denga la DOE omwe angakhudze makampani athu," adatero David Hules, mkulu wa malonda, zoziziritsira mpweya zamalonda, Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. mu Januwale watha. "Makamaka, takhala tikulankhula ndi makasitomala athu kuti timvetse zosowa zawo komanso momwe mayankho athu osinthira, kuphatikizapo mayankho athu opondereza magawo awiri, angawathandizire kupeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso zabwino zambiri."
Zakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa opanga kukonzanso kwathunthu mayunitsi awo kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito atsopano, ngakhale ambiri akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti atsimikizire kuti achita izi pakapita nthawi.
"Chikoka chachikulu chili pa opanga omwe ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo zonse zikukwaniritsa miyezo yocheperako ya magwiridwe antchito," adatero Michael Deru, manejala wa uinjiniya ku National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). "Chikoka chachikulu chotsatira chidzakhala pa mautumiki amagetsi chifukwa amayenera kusintha mapulogalamu awo ndi kuwerengera ndalama zomwe amasunga. Zimakhala zovuta kuti apange mapulogalamu atsopano ogwira ntchito bwino ndikuwonetsa ndalama zomwe amasunga pamene malire ochepa ogwira ntchito bwino akupitirira kukwera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-17-2019
