Mitemo mitsva yekutevedzera mitemo yeDhipatimendi reSimba reUS (DOE), inotsanangurwa se "chiyero chikuru chekuchengetedza simba munhoroondo," ichaita kuti zviri pamutemo indasitiri yekudziyisa nekutonhodza yemabhizimisi.
Mitemo mitsva, yakaziviswa muna 2015, yakarongerwa kutanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2018 uye ichachinja nzira iyo vagadziri vanogadzira ma air conditioner epamusoro pedzimba, ma heat pumps uye mhepo inodziya yezvivakwa "zvine denga rakadzika", zvakaita sezvitoro, zvivakwa zvedzidzo nezvipatara zvepakati nepakati.
Sei? Chinangwa chemutemo mutsva ndechekuvandudza mashandiro eRTU uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuraswa kwesimba. Zvinotarisirwa kuti shanduko idzi dzichachengetedza varidzi vezvivakwa mari yakawanda kwenguva refu—asi, hongu, mirairo ya2018 inopa mamwe matambudziko kune vane chekuita neindasitiri yeHVAC.
Ngatitarisei dzimwe nzvimbo idzo indasitiri yeHVAC ichanzwa kukanganiswa kwekuchinja uku:
Makodhi/magadzirirwo ekuvaka - Vakondirakiti vekuvaka vachafanirwa kugadzirisa mapurani epasi nemamodheru ekuvaka kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvitsva.
Makodhi achasiyana nenyika - Jogirafi, mamiriro ekunze, mitemo iripo, uye mamiriro enzvimbo zvese zvichachinja mashandisiro anoita nyika imwe neimwe makodhi aya.
Kuderedzwa kwekubuda kwemhepo uye kukanganiswa kwekabhoni - DOE inofungidzira kuti zviyero izvi zvichaderedza kusvibiswa kwekabhoni nematani mamiriyoni 885.
Varidzi vezvivakwa vanofanira kuvandudza - Mari yekutanga ichaderedzwa nemadhora zviuru zvitatu nemazana manomwe ($3,700) mukuchengetedza paRTU imwe neimwe kana muridzi akatsiva kana kugadzirisa michina yekare.
Mamodheru matsva angasataridzika zvakafanana - Kufambira mberi mukushandisa simba zvakanaka kuchaguma nemagadzirirwo matsva muRTUs.
Kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwevanoita zveHVAC/vagoveri - Vanoita zvekutengesa nevanogovanisa vanogona kutarisira kuwedzera kwe45 muzana mukutengesa nekugadzira patsva kana kushandisa maRTU matsva pazvivakwa zvemabhizinesi.
Indasitiri iyi, sezvakataurwa, iri kuwedzera simba. Ngationei kuti sei.
Sisitimu yeMadanho Maviri yeVakondirakita veHVAC
DOE ichaburitsa mitemo mitsva muzvikamu zviviri. Chikamu Chekutanga chinotarisa pakuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi muRTU dzese dzemhepo inotonhodza ne10 muzana kubva musi wa1 Ndira, 2018. Chikamu Chechipiri, chakarongerwa 2023, chichawedzera kuwedzera kwesimba kusvika pa30 muzana uye chinosanganisirawo maovheni anodziya.
DOE inofungidzira kuti kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kuchaderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekudziya nekutonhodza mumabhizimisi ne1.7 trillion kWh mumakore makumi matatu anotevera. Kuderedzwa kukuru kwekushandiswa kwesimba kuchadzosera mari iri pakati pemadhora zviuru zvina nemazana maviri kusvika zviuru gumi muhomwe dzemuridzi wechivako panguva inotarisirwa yehupenyu hwemhepo inotonhodza padenga.
"Muyero uyu wakakurukurwa nevane chekuita nawo, kusanganisira vagadziri vema air conditioner emabhizimisi, masangano makuru eindasitiri, masangano emagetsi, uye masangano anoshanda zvakanaka kuti vapedzise mwero uyu," Katie Arberg, weEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) communications, DOE, akaudza vatori venhau.
HVAC Yakanakira Kumhanya-mhanya Kuti Ienderane Nekuchinja Kwacho
Avo vanogona kubatwa vasina kutarisirwa nemitemo mitsva iyi makambani eHVAC nenyanzvi dzinoshanda nesimba dzichaisa nekugadzirisa michina mitsva yeHVAC. Kunyangwe iri basa renyanzvi yeHVAC kugara ichiziva zviri kuitika muindasitiri, vagadziri vachafanira kupedza nguva vachitsanangura mitemo yeDOE uye kuti inokanganisa sei basa mumunda.
"Kunyange zvazvo tichirumbidza kuedza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, tinonzwisisawo kuti pachava nekunetseka kubva kune varidzi vezvivakwa zvemabhizinesi nezvemutemo mutsva," akadaro Carl Godwin, maneja weHVAC yezvemabhizinesi kuCroppMetcalfe. "Tave tichisangana nevanogadzira HVAC yezvemabhizinesi uye takatora nguva yakareba kudzidzisa mainjiniya edu ane nyeredzi shanu nezvemitemo mitsva nemaitiro ayo achaitwa musi wa1 Ndira. Tinogamuchira varidzi vezvivakwa zvemabhizinesi kuti vatibate kana paine mibvunzo."
Zvivako Zvitsva zveHVAC zveDenga Zvinotarisirwa
Mitemo iyi iri kuchinja mavakirwo akaitwa tekinoroji yeHVAC kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushanda zvakanaka. Kwasara mwedzi miviri chete, vagadziri vekupisa nekutonhodza vakagadzirira here mitemo iri kuuya?
Mhinduro yacho ndeyekuti hongu. Vagadziri vakuru vemagetsi ekudziyisa nekutonhodza vakagamuchira shanduko idzi.
“Tinogona kuvaka kukosha maererano nemaitiro aya sechikamu chebasa redu rekutevedzera mitemo iyi,” akadaro Jeff Moe, mutungamiri webhizinesi rezvigadzirwa, bhizinesi remubatanidzwa, kuNorth America, Trane, akaudza ACHR News. “Chimwe chezvinhu zvatakaongorora ishoko rekuti 'Kupfuura Kutevedzera Mutemo.' Semuenzaniso, tichatarisa mitemo mitsva yekushandisa simba zvakanaka muna 2018, kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zviripo, uye kuwedzera kushanda kwazvo, kuitira kuti zvitevedzere mitemo mitsva. Tichabatanidzawo zvimwe zvigadzirwa munzvimbo dzinofarirwa nevatengi maererano nemaitiro aya kuti tipe kukosha kupfuura kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.”
Mainjiniya eHVAC vakatorawo matanho akakosha ekuzadzisa nhungamiro dzeDOE, vachiziva kuti vanofanirwa kunzwisisa zvakajeka kutevedzera mitemo mitsva uye kugadzira magadzirirwo matsva ezvigadzirwa kuti vasangane kana kudarika zvese zvinodiwa zvitsva.
Mutengo Wekutanga Wakakwira, Mutengo Wekushanda Wakaderera
Dambudziko guru kune vagadziri kugadzira maRTU anosangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva pasina kushandisa mari yakawanda pakutanga. Masisitimu eHigher Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER) anoda nzvimbo dzakakura dzekupisa, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwescroll modulated uye variable speed scroll compressor uye kugadzirisa kumhanya kwefeni pama blower motors.
"Pose panoitika shanduko huru mumitemo, zvinonetsa zvikuru kune vagadziri, vakaita saRheem, ndezvekuti chigadzirwa chinofanira kugadziriswa sei," akadaro Karen Meyers, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende, Rheem Mfg. Co., mubvunzurudzo yekutanga kwegore rino. "Shanduko dzakarongwa dzichashandiswa sei mumunda uyu, chigadzirwa chicharamba chiri chinhu chakanaka here kumushandisi wekupedzisira, uye kuti ndedzipi dzidziso dzinofanira kuitika kune vanogadzira makontrakita nevanogadzira."
Kuiputsa
DOE yakatarisa paIEER pakuongorora mashandiro esimba. Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) inopa mamakisi ekushanda kwesimba remuchina zvichienderana nemazuva anopisa kana anotonhora zvakanyanya pagore, nepo IEER ichiongorora mashandiro emuchina zvichienderana nekushanda kwawo mumwaka wese. Izvi zvinobatsira DOE kuwana kuverenga kwakarurama uye kunyora mamakisi eyuniti ine chiyero chakarurama.
Kuenderana kutsva kunofanira kubatsira vagadziri kugadzira mayuniti eHVAC anosangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva.
"Chimwe chezvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzirira gore ra2018 kugadzirira shanduko yeDOE yechiyero chekushanda kuenda kuIEER, izvo zvinoda kudzidziswa kune vatengi nezve shanduko iyoyo uye kuti izvozvo zvicharevei," Darren Sheehan, director wezvigadzirwa zvemabhizinesi madiki, Daikin North America LLC, akaudza mutori wenhau Samantha Sine. "Kubva pamaonero etekinoroji, mhando dzakasiyana dzemafeni emagetsi emukati uye kudzvanywa kwesimba rinoshanduka zvinogona kushanda."
Sangano reAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) riri kugadzirisawo mitemo yaro zvichienderana nemitemo mitsva yeDOE. Shanduko dzekupedzisira muASHRAE dzakauya muna 2015.
Kunyangwe zvisiri pachena kuti zviyero izvi zvichataridzika sei, nyanzvi dziri kuita fungidziro idzi:
Feni ine zvikamu zviviri inotonhodza ine 65,000 BTU/awa kana kupfuura
Matanho maviri ekutonhodza kwemuchina pa 65,000 BTU/h kana kupfuura
Mayuniti eVAV anogona kudiwa kuti ave nematanho matatu ekutonhodza kwemuchina kubva pa65,000 BTU/h-240,000 BTU/h
Mayuniti eVAV anogona kudiwa kuti ave nematanho mana ekutonhodza kwemuchina pamayuniti anopfuura 240,000 BTU/s
Mitemo yeDOE neyeASHRAE ichasiyana kubva kudunhu kuenda kudunhu. Nyanzvi dzeHVAC dzinoda kugara dzichiziva nezvekuvandudzwa kwemitemo mitsva mudunhu ravo dzinogona kushanyira energycodes.gov/compliance.
Mitemo Mitsva yeKuisa HVAC Yekutengesa
Mirayiridzo yeDOE HVAC ichasanganisirawo maparameter akaiswa ekushandiswa kwemufiriji muUS ane chekuita neHVAC certification. Kushandiswa kwemahydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) muindasitiri kwakabviswa muna 2017 nekuda kwekuburitswa kwecarbon ine njodzi. Pakutanga kwegore rino, mvumo yekutenga zvinhu zvinoderedza ozone (ODS) yeDOE kune vanodzoreredza kana mainjiniya vane certification. Kushandiswa kweODS kwakaganhurirwa kwaisanganisira hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) uye ikozvino HFCs.
Chii chitsva muna 2018? Mainjiniya vanoda kutenga mafiriji akagadzirwa neODS vanofanira kunge vaine chitupa cheHVAC chine hunyanzvi mukushandiswa kweODS. Chitupa chakanaka kwemakore matatu. Mitemo yeDOE inoda kuti mainjiniya vese vanobata zvinhu zveODS vachengetedze zvinyorwa zvekurasa ODS zvinoshandiswa mumidziyo ine makirogiramu mashanu kana kupfuura efiriji.
Zvinyorwa zvinofanirwa kusanganisira ruzivo runotevera:
Rudzi rwefiriji
Nzvimbo uye zuva rekurasa
Huwandu hwe refrigerant yakashandiswa inotorwa kubva muHVAC unit
Zita remunhu anogamuchira chifambiso chemufiriji
Dzimwe shanduko itsva muHVAC system refrigerant standards dzichadzikirawo muna 2019. Matekiniki anogona kutarisira tafura itsva yekudonha kwemvura uye kuongororwa kwekudonha kwemvura kota kana pagore mumidziyo yese inoda kuongororwa kwe30 muzana yekutonhora kwemaindasitiri uchishandisa anopfuura 500 lbs erefrigerant, kuongororwa kwegore negore kwe20 muzana kwerefrigerant yekutengeserana inoshandisa 50-500 lbs yerefrigerant uye kuongororwa kwegore negore kwe10 muzana kwerefrigerant yekutonhodza mumahofisi nezvivakwa zvekugara.
Kuchinja kweHVAC Kuchakanganisa Sei Vatengi?
Zviri pachena kuti kuvandudzwa kwemasisitimu eHVAC asingashandise simba zvakanyanya kuchakonzera kushamisika muindasitiri yese yekudziyisa nekutonhodza. Nekufamba kwenguva, varidzi vemabhizinesi nevaridzi vedzimba vachabatsirwa nezvinodiwa neDOE mumakore makumi matatu anotevera.
Zvinoda kuzivikanwa nevanogovera HVAC, makondirakiti nevatengi ndezvekuti shanduko idzi dzichakanganisa sei chigadzirwa chekutanga uye mari yekuisa masisitimu matsva eHVAC. Kushanda zvakanaka hakusi nyore. Kutanga kwetekinoroji kunogona kuunza mitengo yakakwira.
Kunyange zvakadaro, vagadziri veHVAC vachiri netariro yekuti masisitimu matsva aya achaonekwa sekudyara mari kwakangwara nekuti achazadzisa zvinodiwa zvevaridzi vemabhizinesi kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu.
"Tiri kuramba tichikurukura nezvemitemo yekushanda zvakanaka kwedenga reDOE ya2018 ne2023 iyo ichakanganisa indasitiri yedu," akadaro David Hules, director wekushambadzira, commercial air conditioning, Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. muna Ndira wapfuura. "Zvakanyanya, tanga tichitaura nevatengi vedu kuti tinzwisise zvavanoda uye kuti mhinduro dzedu dzekuchinja modulation, kusanganisira mhinduro dzedu dzekugadzirisa dzine matanho maviri, dzinogona sei kuvabatsira kuwana mashandiro akanaka nekuwedzera mabhenefiti ekunyaradza."
Zvave zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vagadziri vagadzirise zvizere michina yavo kuti ishande zvakanaka, kunyange hazvo vazhinji vari kushanda nesimba kuti vazviite nenguva.
"Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti vagadziri vanofanira kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvese zvinosvika padanho rekushanda zvishoma," akadaro Michael Deru, maneja wemainjiniya weNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). "Chimwe chinonyanya kukosha ndechekushandisa michina yemagetsi nekuti vanofanirwa kugadzirisa mapurogiramu avo nekuverenga mari. Zvinovaomera kugadzira mapurogiramu matsva ekushanda zvakanaka uye kuratidza kuchengetedza mari kana chiyero chekushanda zvishoma chikaramba chichikwira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-17-2019
