Izikhokelo ezintsha zokuthobela imithetho zeSebe lezaMandla laseMelika (i-DOE), ezichazwa “njengowona mgangatho mkhulu wokonga amandla kwimbali,” ziya kuba nefuthe ngokusesikweni kushishino lokufudumeza nokupholisa oluthengiswayo.
Imigangatho emitsha, eyabhengezwa ngo-2015, icwangciselwe ukuqala ukusebenza nge-1 kaJanuwari 2018 kwaye iza kutshintsha indlela abavelisi abaqulunqa ngayo ii-air conditioner zorhwebo, ii-heat pumps kunye nomoya ofudumeleyo kwizakhiwo "eziphantsi". Ezifana neevenkile, izibonelelo zemfundo kunye nezibhedlele eziphakathi.
Ngoba? Injongo yomgangatho omtsha kukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-RTU kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkunkuma. Kulindeleke ukuba olu tshintsho luza kongela abanini bepropathi imali eninzi ekuhambeni kwexesha— kodwa, ewe, imiyalelo ka-2018 inika imingeni ethile kubachaphazelekayo kulo lonke ishishini le-HVAC.
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeendawo apho ishishini le-HVAC liza kuziva khona impembelelo yotshintsho:
Imithetho/ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo – Abakhi bezakhiwo kuya kufuneka balungise izicwangciso zomgangatho kunye neemodeli zezakhiwo ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho emitsha.
Iikhowudi ziya kwahluka ngokwelizwe – Ijografi, imozulu, imithetho yangoku, kunye nemo yomhlaba zonke ziya kuchaphazela indlela ilizwe ngalinye elizamkela ngayo ezi khowudi.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nempembelelo yekhabhoni – I-DOE iqikelela ukuba imigangatho iya kunciphisa ungcoliseko lwekhabhoni ngeetoni ezingama-885 ezigidi.
Abanini bezakhiwo kufuneka baphucule – Iindleko zangaphambili ziya kuncitshiswa yi-$3,700 kwimali eyongiweyo nge-RTU nganye xa umnini etshintsha okanye elungisa izixhobo ezindala.
Iimodeli ezintsha zisenokungafani – Ukuqhubela phambili ekusebenziseni amandla kakuhle kuya kubangela uyilo olutsha kwii-RTU.
Ukwanda kwentengiso yabakhi/abasasazi be-HVAC – Abakhi kunye nabasasazi banokulindela ukunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-45 kwintengiso ngokufakela ngokutsha okanye ukusebenzisa ii-RTU ezintsha kwizakhiwo zorhwebo.
Eli shishini, ngokumangalisayo, liyakhula. Masibone ukuba liza kwenza njani.
Inkqubo enamaQela amabini yabaThengisi beHVAC
I-DOE iza kukhupha imigangatho emitsha ngezigaba ezibini. Isigaba sokuQala sigxile ekonyuseni ukonga amandla kuzo zonke ii-RTU zomoya opholileyo nge-10 ekhulwini ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2018. Isigaba sesiBini, esicwangciselwe u-2023, siza kunyusa ukonyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 ekhulwini kwaye siquke nee-furnace zomoya ofudumeleyo.
I-DOE iqikelela ukuba ukunyusa umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kuya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye nokupholisa kwezorhwebo nge-1.7 trillion kWh kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Ukuncipha okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuya kubuyisela phakathi kwe-$4,200 ukuya kwi-$10,000 kwiipokotho zomnini wesakhiwo oqhelekileyo kwixesha elilindelekileyo lobomi be-air conditioner eqhelekileyo eluphahleni.
“Lo mgangatho uthile uxoxiswane nabathathi-nxaxheba abafanelekileyo, kuquka abavelisi bee-air conditioner zorhwebo, imibutho emikhulu yezoshishino, imibutho yombane, kunye nemibutho esebenzayo ukuze kugqitywe lo mgangatho,” uKatie Arberg, wezonxibelelwano lwe-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), uxelele abezindaba uKatie Arberg.
Iingcali ze-HVAC Zixakekile Ukuze Zihambisane Notshintsho
Abo banokubanjwa bengalindelanga yimithetho emitsha ngabakhi be-HVAC kunye neengcali ezisebenza nzima eziza kufaka kwaye zigcine izixhobo ezintsha ze-HVAC. Nangona kusoloko kungumsebenzi wengcali ye-HVAC ukuhlala unolwazi ngophuhliso kunye neendlela zoshishino, abavelisi kuya kufuneka bachithe ixesha bechaza imigangatho ye-DOE kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo umsebenzi kwicandelo.
“Nangona sincoma umzamo wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, siyaqonda nokuba kuya kubakho inkxalabo evela kubanini beendawo zorhwebo malunga nomyalelo omtsha,” utshilo uCarl Godwin, umphathi we-HVAC yorhwebo eCroppMetcalfe. “Siye saqhagamshelana ngokusondeleyo nabavelisi be-HVAC yorhwebo kwaye sithathe ixesha elide ukuqeqesha iingcali zethu zeenkwenkwezi ezintlanu kwimigangatho emitsha kunye neendlela eziza kusetyenziswa ngoJanuwari 1. Siyabamkela abanini beendawo zorhwebo ukuba banxibelelane nathi ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo.”
Kulindeleke iiyunithi ezintsha ze-HVAC zophahla
Imithetho iyatshintsha indlela eyakhiwe ngayo iteknoloji ye-HVAC ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zokusebenza kakuhle eziphuculweyo. Kusele iinyanga ezimbini kuphela, ngaba abavelisi bokufudumeza nokupholisa bakulungele imigangatho ezayo?
Impendulo ithi ewe. Abavelisi abaphambili bokufudumeza nokupholisa bamkele olu tshintsho.
“Singakha ixabiso ngokwemikhondo yale migaqo njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wethu wokuthobela le migaqo,” uxelele uJeff Moe, inkokheli yeshishini lemveliso, ishishini elimanyeneyo, eMntla Melika, uTrane. “Enye yezinto esizijongileyo ligama elithi 'Ngaphaya kokuthobela imithetho.' Umzekelo, siza kujonga ubuncinci obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngo-2018, sitshintshe iimveliso ezikhoyo, kwaye sonyuse ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle, ukuze zithobele imithetho emitsha. Siza kongeza utshintsho olongezelelweyo lwemveliso kwiindawo ezinomdla kubathengi ngokwemikhondo ukuze sinike ixabiso elingaphezulu nangaphaya kokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle.”
Iinjineli ze-HVAC nazo zithathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo ukuhlangabezana nezikhokelo ze-DOE, ziqonda ukuba kufuneka ziqonde ngokucacileyo ukuthobela imiyalelo emitsha kwaye zenze uyilo lwemveliso entsha ukuhlangabezana okanye ukudlula yonke imigangatho emitsha.
Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu, iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi
Eyona ngxaki inkulu kubavelisi kukuyila ii-RTU ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezintsha ngaphandle kokufumana iindleko eziphezulu kwangaphambili. Iinkqubo ze-Higher Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER) ziya kufuna iindawo ezinkulu zokutshintsha ubushushu, ukuskrola okuguquliweyo okwandisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-variable speed scroll compressor kunye nohlengahlengiso kwisantya sefeni kwiimoto ezivuthuzayo.
“Nanini na xa kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwimithetho, eyona nto ixhalabisa abavelisi, abanjengoRheem, kukuba imveliso kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe njani,” utshilo uKaren Meyers, usekela mongameli, imicimbi karhulumente, uRheem Mfg. Co., kudliwanondlebe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. “Utshintsho olucetywayo luza kusetyenziswa njani kweli candelo, ngaba imveliso iza kuhlala ixabiseke kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, kwaye loluphi uqeqesho oluza kwenzeka kubakhi kunye nabafakeli.”
Ukuyiqhekeza
I-DOE igxile kwi-IEER xa ivavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. I-Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) inika amanqaku ekusebenzeni kwamandla komatshini ngokusekelwe kwiintsuku ezishushu okanye ezibandayo zonyaka, ngelixa i-IEER ivavanya ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini ngokusekelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo kwixesha lonke lonyaka. Oku kunceda i-DOE ukuba ifumane ukufundwa okuchanekileyo kwaye ilebhelishe iyunithi enomlinganiselo ochanekileyo.
Inqanaba elitsha lokungaguquguquki kufuneka lincede abavelisi ukuba bayile iiyunithi ze-HVAC eziya kuhlangabezana nemigangatho emitsha.
“Enye yezinto ezifunekayo ukuze ulungiselele u-2018 kukulungiselela utshintsho lwe-DOE kwi-metric yokusebenza ukuya kwi-IEER, oluya kufuna ukuba abathengi bafundiswe ngaloo tshintsho kunye nokuba oko kuya kuthetha ukuthini,” uDarren Sheehan, umlawuli weemveliso zorhwebo ezilula, iDaikin North America LLC, uxelele intatheli uSamantha Sine. “Ukusuka kwimbono yetekhnoloji, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalandeli bombane kunye noxinzelelo lomthamo oguquguqukayo zinokudlala indima.”
I-American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) nayo ilungisa imigangatho yayo ngokwemigaqo emitsha ye-DOE. Utshintsho lokugqibela kwi-ASHRAE lwenzeka ngo-2015.
Nangona kungacacanga kakuhle ukuba imigangatho iya kujongeka njani, iingcali zenza ezi zibikezelo:
Ifeni enamanqanaba amabini kwiiyunithi zokupholisa ezingama-65,000 BTU/h okanye ngaphezulu
Amanqanaba amabini okupholisa ngoomatshini kwiiyunithi ezingama-65,000 BTU/h okanye ngaphezulu
Iiyunithi zeVAV zinokufuneka zibe nezigaba ezintathu zokuphola ngoomatshini ukusuka kwi-65,000 BTU/h-240,000 BTU/h
Iiyunithi zeVAV zinokufuneka zibe nezigaba ezine zokupholisa ngoomatshini kwiiyunithi ezingaphezu kwama-240,000 BTU/s
Imithetho ye-DOE kunye ne-ASHRAE iya kwahluka ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye. Iingcali ze-HVAC ezifuna ukuhlala zinolwazi malunga nophuhliso lwemigangatho emitsha kwilizwe lazo zingandwendwela i-energycodes.gov/compliance.
Imithetho emitsha yoFakelo lwe-HVAC yoRhwebo
Imiyalelo ye-DOE HVAC iya kuquka neeparameter ezimiselweyo zokusetyenziswa kwefriji e-US ezinxulumene nesatifikethi se-HVAC. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrofluorocarbons (ii-HFCs) kushishino kwacinywa ngo-2017 ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuyingozi. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, isibonelelo sokuthenga se-DOE limited ozone-depleting substance (ODS) kubarecipe abaqinisekisiweyo okanye iingcali. Ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kwe-ODS kuquka ii-hydrochlorofluorocarbons (ii-HCFCs), ii-chlorofluorocarbons (ii-CFCs) kwaye ngoku zii-HFCs.
Yintoni entsha ngo-2018? Iingcali ezifuna ukufumana iifriji ezihlelwe yi-ODS kuya kufuneka zibe nesatifikethi se-HVAC esinolwazi oluphezulu ekusebenziseni i-ODS. Isatifikethi silungile iminyaka emithathu. Imithetho ye-DOE iya kufuna ukuba zonke iingcali eziphatha izinto ze-ODS zigcine iirekhodi zokulahla i-ODS esetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezineekhilogram ezintlanu nangaphezulu zefriji.
Iirekhodi kufuneka zibandakanye olu lwazi lulandelayo:
Uhlobo lwefriji
Indawo kunye nomhla wokulahla
Ubungakanani befriji esetyenzisiweyo ekhutshwe kwiyunithi ye-HVAC
Igama lomntu ofumene uthumelo lwefriji
Ezinye iinguqu ezintsha kwimigangatho ye-HVAC system refrigerant nazo ziya kwehla ngo-2019. Iingcali zingalindela itheyibhile entsha yezinga lokuvuza kunye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwekota okanye konyaka kuzo zonke izixhobo ezifuna uphononongo lwe-30% yeenkqubo zoshishino ezifrijini kusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwe-500 lbs ye-refrigerant, ukuhlolwa konyaka kwe-20% ye-coolant yorhwebo esebenzisa i-50-500 lbs ye-refrigerant kunye nokuhlolwa konyaka kwe-10% ye-coolant ekhululekileyo kwizakhiwo zeofisi kunye neendawo zokuhlala.
Utshintsho lwe-HVAC luza kubachaphazela njani abathengi?
Ngokwemvelo, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo ze-HVAC ezisebenzisa umbane kakuhle kuya kuthumela amaza othusayo kulo lonke ishishini lokufudumeza nokupholisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abanini bamashishini kunye nabanini bezindlu baya kuxhamla kwimigangatho engqongqo ye-DOE kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo.
Oko abasasazi be-HVAC, abakhi kunye nabathengi bafuna ukukwazi kukuba olu tshintsho luya kuyichaphazela njani imveliso yokuqala kunye neendleko zokufakela iinkqubo ezintsha ze-HVAC. Ukusebenza kakuhle akubizi kakhulu. Igagasi lokuqala lobuchwepheshe linokubangela ukuba ixabiso linyuke.
Sekunjalo, abavelisi be-HVAC bahlala benethemba lokuba ezi nkqubo zintsha ziya kubonwa njengotyalo-mali olukrelekrele kuba ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha elifutshane nelide zabanini bamashishini.
“Siyaqhubeka nokuba neengxoxo malunga nemithetho yokusebenza kakuhle kophahla lwe-DOE ka-2018 no-2023 eya kuchaphazela ishishini lethu,” utshilo uDavid Hules, umlawuli wentengiso, umoya opholileyo wezorhwebo, i-Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. ngoJanuwari ophelileyo. “Ngokukodwa, besithetha nabathengi bethu ukuze siqonde iimfuno zabo kunye nendlela izisombululo zethu zokuguqula, kuquka nezisombululo zethu zoxinzelelo ezinezigaba ezibini, ezinokubanceda ngayo ukuba bafikelele ekusebenzeni kakuhle okuphezulu kunye neenzuzo eziphuculweyo zentuthuzelo.”
Kube nzima kakhulu kubavelisi ukuhlaziya ngokupheleleyo iiyunithi zabo ukuze zihlangabezane namanqanaba amatsha okusebenza kakuhle, nangona uninzi lusebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba benza njalo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
“Eyona mpembelelo inkulu ikubavelisi ekufuneka baqinisekise ukuba zonke iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana namanqanaba aphantsi okusebenza,” utshilo uMichael Deru, umphathi wobunjineli kwiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). “Eyona mpembelelo inkulu elandelayo iya kuba kumaziko eenkonzo kuba kufuneka balungise iinkqubo zabo kunye nokubala imali. Kuba nzima kubo ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezintsha zokusebenza kakuhle nokubonisa imali xa umda wokusebenza kakuhle uqhubeka uphakama.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-17-2019
