Ukusuka kwiNdlela yeLabhoratri ukuya kwiStaple yeOrbital
Ukomisa ngokukhenkceza (i-lyophilization) kugcina ukutya ngokususa umswakama ngelixa kuhleli kukhenkcezisiwe, kuthintela ukuwohloka kweeseli kwaye kunceda ukugcina umbala, imilo, kunye nezondlo. Le ndlela itshintshe ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwamayeza ukuya ekutyeni yaze yaya ekujikelezeni kwabantu njengempendulo esebenzayo kwimida yobunzima, ubungakanani, kunye nokhuseleko.
Iinkqubo zokuqala zabeka imiqathango engqongqo—ubomi beshelufu yobushushu begumbi, imo encinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, kunye nokulungiselela ngokukhawuleza nangokungakhawuleziyo. Iindlela zokulondoloza ezihlolwe yi-NASA zaziquka ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa ngokukhenkceza, ukufuma okuphakathi, ukucoca ngemitha, kunye nokupakisha i-nitrogen. Amaqela exesha leMercury azame iityhubhu ezinkulu, iipowders ezomisiweyo ngokukhenkceza, kunye nee-semi-liquids, ezazinzima ukuzibuyisela emanzini kwaye zadala ii-crumbs ezidadayo kwi-microgravity.[1]
Kutheni ii-Astronauts zisayisebenzisa
Ngokususa phantse onke amanzi, ukutya okomisiweyo ngokuqandisa kunciphisa ubunzima bokuqalisa, kwandisa ixesha lokuphelelwa ngaphandle kokuqandisa, kwaye kuphinda kufake amanzi kwakhona ngezixhobo ezimbalwa—iingenelo ezisasebenzayo nangona iinqanawa zanamhlanje zeenqwelo-moya ziphucuka. KwiSikhululo seeNdawo saMazwe ngaMazwe, umzekelo, abasebenzi banokuba neefriji kunye nee-oveni, kodwa izinto zokomiswa ngokuqandisa kunye namacala aseseyinxalenye yomxube wemenyu ngenxa yokuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kwazo.[1]
Ukulungela amanzi abandayo:I-NASA yazibekela usukelo lokuba ukutya kuphinde kudibane namanzi angama-80°F (27°C) kwimizuzu eli-10; ii-gravies ezenziwe ngokukodwa zafikelela ekubuyiselweni kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzu emi-5.[1]
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ukomisa Ngokukhenkceza
Ukutya kuyakhenkcezwa (malunga ne-−40°F), kubekwe kwigumbi lokuvasa, kuze kufudunyezwe kancinci ukuze umkhenkce ungangeni kwisigaba solwelo uze ujike ngqo ube ngumphunga (i-sublimation). Umphunga wamanzi uyasuswa kwaye umjikelo uphinda-phinda amaxesha amaninzi de imveliso yome ngokupheleleyo. Imijikelo eqhelekileyo ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-8-24 kwaye inokususa ngaphezulu kwe-99% yamanzi okuqala.[1]
Isondlo, Ubume, kunye neNcasa
Ngenxa yokuba ukuqandisa kuxhasa ulwakhiwo lokutya ngexesha lokomisa, izinto ezibuyiselwe amanzi emzimbeni zinokugcina ubume obuhle kunye nencasa. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okuqhelekileyo, okudla ngokususa ~92–96% yomswakama, ukususwa kokomisa ngokuqandisa okungaphezulu kwe-99% kuvelisa iipakethe ezilula, ukuphinda kufakwe amanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokugcinwa okungcono kweeminerali kunye nezinye izondlo.[1]
Inqaku leNkcubeko: Inyaniso malunga ne "Astronaut Ice Cream"
I-ayisikhrim edumileyo eyomisiweyo ngokuqandisa yaqala njengento entsha eyayibonakala esidlangalaleni ngo-1973 inxulumene neZiko leeNdwendwe lase-Ames. Yayisebenzisa ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo eqhutywa sisibhakabhaka kodwa yayingeyonto eqhelekileyo yokutya kweenkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, ibali lanceda ekuthandeni izidlo ezomisiweyo ngokuqandisa kubantu abaya kwiimyuziyam kunye nabathandi bangaphandle.[1]
Yintoni elandelayo
Ukujonga phambili, uphando lugxile kwiiprofayili zokomisa ezikrelekrele ukuze kukhawuleziswe, kulungiswe ngakumbi, kuzinze kwizakhamzimba ezijolise kuzo, kunye neemenyu ezithile ezijoliswe kumsebenzi othile. Injongo iqhelekile: ukondla okuphezulu kunye nomoya, ubunzima obuncinci kunye nenkunkuma.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza ukutya okomisiweyo kube nomtsalane xa kusenziwa uhambo lwangaphambili esibhakabhakeni?
Ziyahambelana nesixhobo esifutshane: zizinzile kwishelufu kubushushu begumbi, zincinci, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye kulula ukuzilungisa ngamanzi okanye izixhobo ezimbalwa—zilungele imisebenzi ye-microgravity.
Ukomisa ngekhenkcezisi kwahluke njani ekupheliseni amanzi emzimbeni ngendlela eqhelekileyo?
Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kususa malunga ne-92–96% yamanzi; ukomisa ngokukhenkceza kususa ngaphezulu kwe-99%. Isiphumo kukuba umthwalo omncinci, ukuphinda ufumane amanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokubanzi kugcinwa izondlo ngcono.
Ngaba oosomajukujuku bayayitya ngokwenene i-ayisikhrim eyomiswe ngokukhenkcezisiweyo?
Hayi—yaqala ngo-1973 njengemyuziyam entsha eqhagamshelwe kwiZiko leeNdwendwe ze-Ames le-NASA endaweni yokutya okuqhelekileyo kwasesibhakabhakeni.
Ibandakanya ntoni le nkqubo?
Yiqandise ukuya kuthi ga kwi -40°F, faka i-vacuum, yongeza ubushushu obuthambileyo ukuze umkhenkce unciphe ube ngumphunga, phinda ujikeleze ude amanzi aphele (ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-8-24).
Ngaba abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuphinda bamanzise ukutya ngamanzi abandayo?
Ewe. I-NASA ijolise kumanzi angama-~80°F (27°C) ngefestile yemizuzu eli-10; iindlela ezithile ezifana neegravies zifikelela kwimizuzu emi-5.
Iireferensi
- I-NASA Spinoff (2020).Ukutya Okuqandisiweyo Kondla Abathandi Bohambo Neengcinga. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-12-2025
