Kuchokera ku Njira Yopangira Labu Kupita ku Orbital Staple
Kuumitsa mufiriji (lyophilization) kumasunga chakudya mwa kuchotsa chinyezi pamene chikuzizira, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndikuthandizira kusunga mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi michere. Njirayi inasanduka kuchoka pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupita ku zakudya kenako nkupita ku ndege ya anthu ngati yankho lothandiza ku zoletsa kulemera, kuchuluka, ndi chitetezo.
Mapulogalamu oyambirira adakhazikitsa miyezo yokhwima—nthawi yosungira kutentha kwa chipinda, mawonekedwe ochepa, kulemera kochepa, komanso kukonzekera mwachangu komanso kosavuta. Njira zosungira zomwe NASA idafufuza zidaphatikizapo kutaya madzi m'thupi, kuumitsa mufiriji, chinyezi chapakati, kuyeretsa ndi radiation, ndi kulongedza nayitrogeni. Ogwira ntchito mu nthawi ya Mercury anayesa ma cubes akuluakulu, ufa wouma mufiriji, ndi madzi ochepa, omwe anali ovuta kubwezeretsanso madzi ndipo adapanga zinyenyeswazi zoyandama mu microgravity.[1]
Chifukwa Chake Akatswiri a Zam'mlengalenga Akugwiritsabe Ntchito
Mwa kuchotsa madzi ambiri, chakudya chouma mufiriji chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimatulutsidwa, chimawonjezera nthawi yosungiramo zinthu popanda kuzizira, ndikubwezeretsanso madzi ndi zida zochepa - zabwino zomwe zidakali zofunika ngakhale sitima zamakono zapamadzi zikukwera. Mwachitsanzo, pa International Space Station, ogwira ntchito akhoza kukhala ndi mafiriji ndi ma uvuni, komabe zakudya zouma mufiriji ndi mbali zake zimakhalabe gawo la menyu chifukwa cha kudalirika kwawo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.[1]
Kukonzekera madzi ozizira:NASA inakhazikitsa cholinga choti zakudya zikhazikikenso m'madzi otentha pafupifupi 80°F (27°C) mkati mwa mphindi 10; gravies yopangidwa mwapadera inatha kubwezeretsanso madzi m'thupi m'mphindi pafupifupi 5.[1]
Momwe Kuumitsa Kozizira Kumagwirira Ntchito
Chakudya chimazizira (pafupifupi -40°F), chimayikidwa mu chipinda chotsukira mpweya, ndipo chimatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti ayezi amadumpha gawo lamadzimadzi ndikusanduka nthunzi mwachindunji (sublimation). Nthunzi yamadzi imachotsedwa ndipo kayendedwe kameneka kamabwerezabwereza kambirimbiri mpaka chinthucho chiume. Nthawi zambiri kayendedwe ka madzi kamatha pafupifupi maola 8-24 ndipo kamatha kuchotsa madzi opitilira 99% oyambira.[1]
Zakudya, Kapangidwe, ndi Kukoma
Popeza kuzizira kumathandiza kuti chakudya chikhale chouma, zinthu zomwe zabwezeretsedwa madzi m'thupi zimatha kusunga mawonekedwe okongola komanso kukoma kokoma. Poyerekeza ndi madzi ochulukirapo omwe amachotsedwa m'thupi, omwe nthawi zambiri amachotsa ~92–96% ya chinyezi, kuchotsa >99% ya kuzizira kumabweretsa mapaketi opepuka, kubwezeretsa madzi m'thupi mwachangu, komanso kusunga bwino mchere ndi michere ina.[1]
Chidziwitso cha Chikhalidwe: Zoona Zokhudza "Ayisikilimu wa Astronaut"
Ayisikilimu wodziwika bwino wouma mufiriji unayamba ngati chinthu chatsopano chomwe chinkaonekera pagulu mu 1973 cholumikizidwa ndi Ames Visitor Center. Unali kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopititsira patsogolo zinthu zomwe zinkachitika mlengalenga koma sunali chakudya chachizolowezi cha astronaut. Komabe nkhaniyi inathandiza kutchuka kwa anthu okonda kupita ku nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso okonda zinthu zakunja.[1]
Chotsatira ndi chiyani
Poyang'ana mtsogolo, kafukufuku akuyang'ana kwambiri pa ma profiles auma anzeru kuti awonjezere madzi m'thupi mwachangu komanso moyenera, kukhazikika kwa michere m'thupi, komanso menyu yokhudzana ndi cholinga chake. Cholinga chake ndi chodziwika bwino: zakudya zabwino kwambiri komanso kulimba mtima, kuchepa kwa kulemera ndi kutayika.
FAQ
Kodi n’chiyani chinapangitsa kuti zakudya zouma mufiriji zikhale zokopa anthu akamauluka mumlengalenga?
Zimagwirizana ndi chivundikirocho: zimakhala zokhazikika pashelefu kutentha kwa chipinda, zazing'ono, zopepuka, komanso zosavuta kukonzekera popanda madzi kapena zida zambiri—zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito za microgravity.
Kodi kuumitsa ndi kuzizira kumasiyana bwanji ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi mwachizolowezi?
Kusowa madzi m'thupi kumachotsa ~92–96% ya madzi; kuumitsa mufiriji kumachotsa >99%. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zopepuka, kubwezeretsa madzi m'thupi mwachangu, komanso kusunga michere bwino.
Kodi akatswiri a zakuthambo amadyadi ayisikilimu wouma mufiriji?
Ayi—zinayamba mu 1973 ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yatsopano yolumikizidwa ndi Ames Visitor Center ya NASA osati ngati chakudya cham'mlengalenga wamba.
Kodi ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo chiyani?
Muzizire mpaka pafupifupi −40°F, ikani vacuum, onjezerani kutentha pang'ono kuti ayezi ayambe kuuma, bwerezaninso mpaka madzi atapita (nthawi zambiri kwa maola 8-24).
Kodi ogwira ntchito angathe kupatsanso madzi okwanira chakudya ndi madzi ozizira?
Inde. NASA idayang'ana madzi okwana ~80°F (27°C) okhala ndi zenera la mphindi 10; mitundu ina monga gravies idafika ~5 mphindi.
Zolemba
- NASA Spinoff (2020).Zakudya Zouma Zozizira Zimapatsa Thanzi Anthu Okonda Ulendo ndi Malingaliro. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/cg_2.html
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-12-2025
