Ukusuka eBelém ukuya kumagumbi onke: Phantsi kwe-2.8°C Isilumkiso se-COP30

Njengoko ihlabathi likwindlela yokufudumala emalunga ne-2.8°C, i-COP30 ifuna iminyaka elishumi yokuphunyezwa. Inkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha izisa isenzo semozulu kwiindawo zangaphakathi zemihla ngemihla.

Umhla: 2025-11-18
Indawo: eTshayina

Iithegi:

• ● I-COP30
• ● Ukukhutshwa kwegesi okungenanto
• ● Iminikelo Emiselwe Kuzwelonke (ii-NDC)
• ● Umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi
• ● Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya omtsha
• ● Uluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi

Isishwankathelo seNqaku

Kwi-COP30 eBelém, eBrazil, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye noorhulumente belizwe babandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezibalulekileyo malunga nendlela yokugcina ubushushu behlabathi bukwi-1.5°C. Iminikelo eMiselweyo yeSizwe yangoku (ii-NDC) ikhomba kwindlela yokufudumala kwe-2.5–2.8°C, nto leyo enyanzela onke amacandelo ukuba akhawulezise utshintsho oluya kwi-net-zero emissions kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo ngakumbi.

Njengenkampani yezobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, siguqula iinjongo ezinkulu zemozulu zibe kukunciphisa okubonakalayo kokukhutshwa komoya kunye neenzuzo ezibonakalayo zempilo emakhayeni nakwizakhiwo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha elawulwa ngobuchule nesebenzisa umbane, nto leyo enegalelo kwisenzo sokwenyani kule COP "egxile ekuphunyezweni".

I-COP30 kuMxholo

NgoNovemba, abameli abavela kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-200, kunye noososayensi kunye neenkokheli zamacandelo abucala, bahlanganisana eBelém, isixeko esingena kwihlathi lemvula laseAmazon eBrazil, kwiNkomfa yama-30 yamaQela kwiNgqungquthela yeSikhokelo seZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu (i-COP30).

Le ngqungquthela, edla ngokuchazwa njenge-"COP egxile ekuphunyezweni", ineenjongo ezicacileyo:

• ● Guqula ithagethi ye-1.5°C ibe yintshukumo yokwenyani
• ● Gxila kwishumi leminyaka elibalulekileyo leminyaka yoo-2020
• ● Suka ngaphaya kwezilogeni uye ekuphunyezweni nasekufezekisweni okunokulinganiswa

Phantsi "kwendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko" yeSivumelwano saseParis, amazwe kufuneka aqinise rhoqo ii-NDC zawo kwaye aqinise rhoqo iindlela zawo zokukhupha ukungcola. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo oluninzi lubonisa ukuba:

• ● Nokuba zonke izithembiso ezikhoyo ngoku zifezekisiwe ngokupheleleyo, ihlabathi lisajonge ekufudumaleni okumalunga ne-2.5–2.8°C.
• ● Oku kungaphezulu kakhulu komlinganiselo okhuselekileyo we-1.5°C ochongiweyo luluntu lwezenzululwazi.
• ● Sihlala kude kakhulu ekuphepheni amaza obushushu aqatha, izikhukula kunye nokunyuka kolwandle.

Izinto Ezintathu Eziphambili ze-COP30

1. ● IiNDC ezinomdla ngakumbi: Ukukhuthaza amazwe ukuba angenise iiNDC ezintsha ezihambelana ngakumbi nomgomo we-1.5°C.
2. ● Ukwandiswa kwemali yemozulu: Ukubonelela ubuncinane i-USD 1.3 trillion ngonyaka kwimali yemozulu, ingakumbi ukunciphisa nokulungelelanisa imeko kumazwe asakhasayo.
3. ● Utshintsho nje: Ukuphelisa amafutha efosili ngelixa kukhuselwa imisebenzi kunye nobulungisa kwezentlalo, okwenza isenzo semozulu sigxile ebantwini ngokwenene.

Ukusuka kwiinjongo zokufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kwizakhiwo zemihla ngemihla kunye nomoya

Utshintsho oluya kwi-net-zero emissions alupheleli nje ekutshintsheni kwamanqanaba amakhulu kwiinkqubo zamandla. Lukwangena nakwi:

• ● Zonke izakhiwo
• ● Lonke uluntu
• ● Igumbi ngalinye

Oku kuquka "umoya ongabonakaliyo" esihlala siwutyeshela. Izakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yazo zibangela phantse i-40% yokukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kwihlabathi liphela, inxalenye enkulu yayo ivela kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, zokuphola kunye nezokungenisa umoya.

Ukuba sinako, ngaxeshanye:

• ● Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zomoya omtsha ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu
• ● Phucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi ngolawulo olukrelekrele

emva koko singayinciphisa kancinci loo nxalenye yongezelelweyo yeqondo emakhayeni ethu emihla ngemihla nakwiindawo zokusebenza, siguqule iinjongo zemozulu zibe lutshintsho olubonakalayo lwemihla ngemihla.

Inkqubo yethu yokuVula umoya omtsha: Ukudibanisa i-COP30 nobomi bangaphakathi

Ngenxa yoku, siguqulela i-ajenda yehlabathi ye-COP30 kwiimveliso ezithile, ezisemhlabeni—inkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha eluhlaza yesizukulwana esilandelayo.

Ukususela ekuqaleni, uyilo lwethu lwemveliso luye lwalandela injongo embaxa ye-"net-zero + impilo":

• ● Icala elingenanto: ukusebenzisa ii-motor ze-DC inverter ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye netekhnoloji ye-Heat Recovery ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokungenisa umoya kunye nokunciphisa umbane wekhabhoni kwinkqubo, ngelixa kusagcinwa umthamo owaneleyo womoya omtsha.
• ● Icala lezeMpilo: ukusebenzisa ii-sensors ezininzi ukujonga i-CO₂ yangaphakathi, i-PM2.5 kunye nee-volatile organic compounds (ii-VOC) ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuhanjiswa komoya ukuze kugcinwe umoya wangaphakathi ukwinqanaba elikhululekileyo nelisempilweni.

Umoya ongeniswayo xa kufuneka

Kwizicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani, inkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha inokulungisa ukuhamba komoya ngokusekelwe kwinani labantu abahlala apho kunye nomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi:

• ● Kumagumbi eentlanganiso, amagumbi okufundela axakekileyo okanye kwiiofisi ezivulekileyo, xa amazinga e-CO₂ okanye e-PM2.5 enyuka, inkqubo inyusa ngokuzenzekelayo izinga lokungenisa umoya ukuze "ikhuphe" ngokukhawuleza umoya ongcolileyo wangaphakathi.
• ● Xa abantu behla okanye ebusuku, iyancipha amandla ayo okusebenza ukuze iphephe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokungeyomfuneko.

Le ndlela "yokungenisa umoya xa kuyimfuneko" ayihlangabezani nje neemfuno zokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, kodwa ikwaphucula amava omsebenzisi ngokubanzi.

Utshintsho olugxile ebantwini olugxile kwi-Net-Zero kunye noluQinisekayo

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba utshintsho oluya kwi-net-zero emissions kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo lubonwa njengotshintsho olujolise ebantwini ngokwenene.

Ayikuko nje kuphela malunga neeprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla nezemizi-mveliso, kodwa ikwamalunga namava okuphefumla abantu abaqhelekileyo:

• ● Ekhaya
• ● Kwiiofisi
• ● Ezikolweni
• ● Kwizibhedlele

Ngokusebenzisa isisombululo somoya wangaphakathi esinekhabhoni ephantsi, esikrelekrele nesinempilo, inkqubo yethu yomoya omtsha inika indawo yokungena ebonakalayo nebonakalayo kolu tshintsho olujoliswe ebantwini nakwiplanethi:

• ● Ngalo lonke ixesha ivula, kwaye
• ● Yonke indawo yokutshintsha umoya eyenzayo

kukuzibophelela kwimpilo yomntu kwaye kunegalelo elincinci kwinjongo yehlabathi ye-1.5°C.

Ukujonga Ngaphaya kwe-COP30: Ukusuka kwi-2.8°C Ukuya kwi-1.5°C

Ukujonga ngaphaya kwe-COP30 kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ulwimi lwezopolitiko ekugqibeleni luya kunika indawo iiprojekthi zobunjineli, ubugcisa obutsha kunye nokukhetha kwabathengi.

Nokuba zii-NDC zesizwe okanye ziindlela ze-corporate ezingenazo zonke, zonke ezi njongo kuya kufuneka ziphunyezwe ngokuguqula izinto ezininzi:

• ● Iinkqubo zamandla
• ● Iinkqubo zoshishino
• ● Ukwakha iindawo

Sikholelwa ukuba izixhobo eziluhlaza nezikrelekrele ezimelwe yinkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kumzamo wehlabathi wokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-2.8°C ukuya kwi-1.5°C.

Ukususela eBelém ukuya kwizixeko kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwiiholo zeenkomfa ukuya kwigumbi ngalinye, amanyathelo okutshintsha kwemozulu aba yinto esinokuyenza:

• ● Jonga
• ● Ukuchukumisa
• ● Kwaye uphefumle umoya ococekileyo nococekileyo

Inkqubo yethu yokuVula umoya omtsha wesizukulwana esilandelayo

• ● Yenza yonke into ephefumlayo ibe mnandi kwaye inciphise ikhabhoni
• ● Zisa usukelo lwe-1.5°C kubomi bemihla ngemihla
• ● Pholisa iplanethi, uqala kwigumbi elinye

Ezona mpawu

• ● Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Ixhotyiswe ngee-motors ze-DC inverter kunye neemodyuli zokubuyisa ubushushu ezisebenza kakuhle, inkqubo inika umoya omtsha owaneleyo ngelixa inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inceda abasebenzisi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
• ● Ulawulo lomoya olukrelekrele: Uluhlu lwezixhobo ezininzi ezisebenzisa i-multi-sensor array lujonga izalathisi eziphambili ezifana ne-CO₂, i-PM2.5 kunye nee-VOC ngexesha langempela kwaye lulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iindlela zomoya kunye nomoya ngokusekelwe kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
• ● Impilo kunye nentuthuzelo: Uyilo olucwangcisiweyo lokuhamba komoya kunye nokuhluzwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kususa ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezincinci kunye neegesi eziyingozi, kunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwaye kuphucule intuthuzelo yokuphefumla.
• ● Ukubonakala kwedatha: Iideshibhodi eziphathwayo kunye nezikrini ezinkulu zibonisa umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya okuqikelelweyo, okubonelela ngenkxaso yobungakanani bokutyhilwa kwe-ESG yenkampani kunye neendlela zokuphila eziluhlaza ekhaya.
• ● Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo: Inkqubo inokudityaniswa neNkqubo zokuZenzekela zeZakhiwo (i-BAS) kunye namaqonga ezindlu akrelekrele ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oludibeneyo lokukhanyisa, umoya opholileyo kunye nomoya ongenisa umoya, nto leyo evula amathuba amakhulu okunciphisa ikhabhoni yesakhiwo sonke.

Ulungelelwaniso ne-COP30

• ● Kwimeko ye-COP egxile ekuphunyezweni, ukuguqulela iinjongo zemozulu zesizwe nezesixeko zibe ngamanyathelo asebenzayo kwinqanaba lesakhiwo nelekhaya.
• ● Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwezakhiwo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yetekhnoloji kwii-NDCs ezineembono ezininzi.
• ● Ngokwembono egxile ebantwini, ukuguqula utshintsho olungenasiphelo noluzinzileyo lube yindawo enempilo yomoya kubasebenzi, abafundi, izigulane kunye neentsapho.

Imibuzo neempendulo

1. Yintoni i-COP30?

I-COP30 yiNkomfa yama-30 yamaQela kwiNgqungquthela yeSikhokelo seZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu (i-UNFCCC). Iza kubanjelwa eBelém, isixeko esikumantla eBrazil, ukususela nge-10 ukuya kuma-21 kaNovemba ngo-2025.

Oorhulumente, izazinzulu, amashishini kunye nabameli boluntu bahlanganisana apho ukuze:

• ● Vavanya inkqubela phambili phantsi kweSivumelwano saseParis
• ● Xoxani ngendlela yokuqinisa iMinikelo eMiselweyo kuZwelonke (ii-NDC)
• ● Gqiba ngentsebenziswano yezemali kunye netekhnoloji efunekayo ukugcina ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungaphakathi kwe-1.5°C

2. Kutheni i-COP30 ibaluleke kangaka?

I-COP30 ibalulekile ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• ● Ixesha elibalulekileyo: Umjikelo wangoku wee-NDCs uza kuyila ukukhutshwa kwegesi kwihlabathi liphela phakathi kowama-2030 nowama-2035, ithuba elifanelekileyo lokugcina "umgca wobomi" we-1.5°C ukufutshane.
• ● Umsantsa wamabhongo: Izithembiso ezikhoyo ngoku zikhomba ekufudumaleni okumalunga ne-2.5–2.8°C, nto leyo enganelanga kwaphela.
• ● Ingqwalasela yokuphunyezwa: I-COP30 kufuneka inike ingxelo engaphezulu kuneyenqanaba eliphezulu; kufuneka ivelise izicwangciso zokuphunyezwa ezicacileyo ze:
  • ● Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngamandla
  • ● Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka kwi-fossil fuels
  • ● Ukwandiswa kwemali yokuhlawula ilahleko nomonakalo
• ● Utshintsho nje: Ihlabathi lijonge kwi-COP30 ukuba iqhubele phambili utshintsho olunobulungisa ngokwenene, olulinganiselayo:
  • ● Ukukhuselwa kwehlathi lemvula laseAmazon
  • ● Inkxaso yamazwe asakhasayo
  • ● Indlela yokuphila yabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo

Kwiinkampani, i-COP30 ikwalixesha elibalulekileyo lokuphonononga iindlela zabo ze-net-zero kunye nokubonisa ubuchule betekhnoloji eluhlaza.

3. Ngaba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungagcinwa kungaphakathi kwe-1.5°C?

Ngokwembono yesayensi, ukugcina ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungaphakathi kwe-1.5°C ngoku kunzima kakhulu, njengoko isabelomali sekhabhoni esiseleyo siphela ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yangoku, ukufudumala kweli nkulungwane kunokwenzeka ukuba kusondele kwi-2.5–2.8°C. Nangona kunjalo:

• ● Uvavanyo oluninzi olusemthethweni lubonisa ukuba ukuba amazwe akhawulezisa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo ngaphambi kowama-2030,
• ● Kwaye kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa komoya kwihlabathi liphela malunga nama-60% ngo-2035,
• ● Kusenokubakho ithuba lokubuyisela ubushushu obuphantsi malunga ne-1.5°C kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane.

Ngale ndlela, i-1.5°C ayifanele ibonwe njengesiqhelo esilula sokudlula/sokuhluleka kodwa ifanele ibonwe njengentambo yokhuseleko ekufuneka sizame ukuhlala sisondele kangangoko.

Oku kuthetha ukuba lonke icandelo—amandla, ishishini, izakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa—kufuneka lithathe amanyathelo anzulu ngakumbi. Ukususela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo amaninzi ukuya kwiimveliso ezisebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo njengenkqubo yethu yokungenisa umoya omtsha, zonke ezi mizamo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule ndlela inzima kodwa iyimfuneko ye-1.5°C.